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• ICT refers to Information and Communications Technology.

World Wide Web

• Also known as www, introduced by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989.
• Documents and resources are located from different terminals and webpages with their unique URL through the internet,.
• The WWW Consortium is an organization dedicated to promoting www standards, pioneered the standardization of protocols for linked websites.

URL

• URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator
• A URL denotes a specific address of a certain website.
• www.friendsbook.com is an example of URL

Link/Hyperlink

• Consists of clickable icons embedding a URL (shapes, text, pictures).

Evolution of the Web: Web 1.0

• Static webpages that do not allow user interactivity
• Web contents and layouts are inseparable
• Uses HTML Tags.
• Guestbooks are not embedded
• Website forms typically are sent by email.
• Communication is one-way
• The WWW project by CERN dates back to the 1990s
• A Space Jam Website appeared in 1996.

Evolution of the Web: Web 2.0

• The term was coined by Darcy DiNucci in 1999
• Enables interactivity, user-generated content, emphasis on user experience, and improved interoperability.

Evolution of the Web: Web 3.0

• Characterized by the semantic web, minimalist design, semantic web framework, and an ever-present web.
• It applies and uses artificial intelligence.

Trends in ICT: Convergent Technologies

• A theoretical perspective where different technologies are unified into one, e.g., computer set transformed into mobile phone.

Trends in ICT: Mobile Technologies

• Smartphones are the most readily known technology.
• Uses an Operating System (OS) to manage memory processes and software within the device.

Trends in ICT: Assistive Media

• Assistive tech includes adaptive, assistive, rehabilitative devices for the elderly and people with special needs.
• Comprises text-to-speech, mounted wheelchairs, hearing aids, and magnifiers.

Social Media Platforms

• Social media platforms consist of processes to connecting people and bringing relevant information across the globe.

Social Network

• Allows the creation of personal accounts to connect with people for different purposes.
• Primarily created for social interaction and advanced into professional and other related interactions.
• Examples include Facebook, Instagram, and Messenger.

Bookmarking sites

• Platforms used to search, manage, organize, and store webpages
• A person can revisit or share them with others.
• Pinterest is an example.

Social News

• Permits users to submit news articles, stories, videos, and photographs worth sharing to their expected subscribers.
• Sites have editors for deciding what news is worth publishing.

Media Sharing

• Allows users to share and upload multimedia content like graphics, text, videos, and audios.
• Allows users to comment, download, like, or dislike content.
• Examples include YouTube, Facebook, and Instagram.

Microblogging

• Online broadcast mediums allowing users to post and exchange short content containing text, graphics, audios, and videos.
• Twitter and Plurk are examples.

Blogs and Forums

• Enable users to post their content.
• Forums contain Q&A discussion boards, bringing people of similar interests together to discuss topics.
• Author-generated content in blogs
• User-generated content in forums.
• Examples include Discord, Blogger, and WordPress.

Online Safety

• E-safety or cyber safety is knowledge and awareness of safety protocols while using the internet.

Online Security

• Rules and actions are followed to ensure online user and data privacy.

Online Crimes

• Violations that harm people by other internet users.

Online Crimes: Forms

• Cyberbullying
• Identity Theft
• Phishing
• Plagiarism

Cyberbullying

• Cyberbullying is covered by RA 10627 or The Anti-Bullying Act of 2013.
• Incidences include written, verbal, electronic expression, or a physical act/gesture that belittles another individual/group or gender-based bullying.

Forms of Cyberbullying

• Flaming: online fight (comment section)
• Harassment: repeatedly sending nasty, mean, insulting messages
• Impersonation: pretending to be someone else
• Outing: sharing someone's secrets online
• Trickery: tricking someone to reveal secrets and sensitive information online
• Denigration: sending/posting gossips
• Exclusion: intentionally excluding from an online/kick group
• Cyberstalking: repeated intense harassment/denigration (threats, blackmail)

Identity Theft

• Also known as identity fraud.
• Someone wrongfully obtains and uses another person's personal data involving fraud/deception.
• Occurs when using online communication in public places, receiving pre-approved credit cards and discarding improperly, and responding to spam/unsolicited emails.

Identity Theft: Tips

• Use good passwords following the SURP test rules, like Strong, Unique, Recent, and Practical
• Always report it

Phishing

• A fraudulent practice of sending emails pretending to be reputable companies to reveal user information.

Plagiarism

• Presenting someone's work as your own with or without consent, by including it in your work without acknowledgement.

Copyright Infringement

• Occurs when a copyrighted work is reproduced, distributed, performed, or publicly displayed without permission of the copyright owner.

Plagiarism Violations

• Verbal quotation without clear acknowledgement
• Cutting and pasting ideas from the Internet without proper citation
• Paraphrasing without acknowledgement of the source
• Collusion
• Failure to attribute assistance
• Auto-plagiarism or resubmission of works

Common Internet Security Threats: Malware

• Malware is a shortened form of malicious software (computer viruses, worms, dishonest spyware).

Common Internet Security Threats: Computer Worms

• Programs that can replicate themselves from one computer to another in large volumes

Common Internet Security Threats: Spam

• Junk mails containing links that put you at risk.

Common Internet Security Threats: Phishing

• Attempts to ask for private information from victims.

Internet Security Strategies

• Browser selection
• Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)
• Email security
• Firewalls

Ethics

• Deals with concepts of good and bad
• A set of moral principles used as a guiding life philosophy

Online Etiquette

• Considered internet ethics that serve as guiding principles for using the internet.

Advanced Presentation Application: PPT

• PPT (PowerPoint Presentation) is supported by visual aids.
• MS PPT provides different features and functions.

MS PowerPoint

• A software package designed for electronic presentations which consists of slides/pages

History of MS PPT

• Created by Robert Gaskins and Dennis Austins at Forethought, Inc. software company
• The PPT was initially conceived in 1984.
• Development started under the name “presenter”
• The first version of PPT for Macintosh was released in 1987.
• The first Windows release in 1990.

Making Effective Presentations: Minimalism

• Avoid using too many slides
• Do not include everything in slides

Making Effective Presentations: Clarity

• Slides should be easy to read.
• Fonts should be big, readable, and appropriate
• Slides should be simple with key phrases and important info

Making Effective Presentations: Simplicity

• Do not include entire paragraphs
• Use the 6x7 rule: no more than 6 lines per slide and 7 words per line

Making Effective Presentations: Visual-Orientedness

• The slide show should use relevant graphics to be more interesting

Making Effective Presentations: Consistency

• Slides should be uniform

Making Effective Presentations: Contrast

• PPT (PowerPoint Presentation) should be readable with contrasting colors for text and background

Animations

• Animations are useful tools but can be distracting if overused
• Entrance: how an object will appear
• Emphasis: used to focus or point attention to a certain element
• Exit: how an object will disappear
• Motion Paths: how an element will move from one point to another

Timing

• Used to automatically set when particular animations will take place.
• On click: element will start animating AFTER you click the mouse
• With previous: element will appear WITH THE PREVIOUS element
• After previous: element will appear AFTER THE PREVIOUS element.

Transitions

• Set effects when transitioning to other slides.

Hyperlinks

• Jump from one slide to another, a word document, or any other document on the web..
• The way elements are used for hyperlinks depends on where it used
• Click an object or text.
• Go to insert tab and click link
• Where you can select the object or text to be linked

Link options in MS PPT:

• Existing file/webpage: links the object or text to a website
• Link to an existing file on your hard drive by browsing the folder and clicking ok
• Link to webpage: type complete web address in address box
• Place in document to link to the object or text to a specific slide in a presentation

Action Buttons

• Clickable objects automatically direct the presentation to another slide.

Action Buttons: Built-In

• Return
• Go back to previous
• Go forward or next
• Go to beginning
• Go to the end

Word Processor

• A computer program or device that provides for input, editing, formatting, and output of text, often with some additional features.
• Early word processors are stand-alone devices for its function
• Current word processors are word processor programs running on general purpose computers

Microsoft Word

• Most frequently used word processor
• A software package developed by Microsoft

History of MS Word

• Developed by Charles Simonyi (developer) & Richard Brodie (software engineer).
• Initially named “Multi-Tool Word” but was later renamed “MS Word."
• Introduced date: 1983
• Word for Windows is available stand-alone or as a part of MS Office suite
• MS Word for Mac was introduced by Microsoft as Word 1.0 in 1985.
• File extensions include ".doc" & ".docx".

Inserting of Pics in MS Word

• Select insert tab
• Select pictures depending on the device
• Choose Insert picture and select desired picture

Text/Image Wrap

• In Line with Text is where the image is located in the line with the text and it a default setting
• Square is where texts surrounds the image
• Tight texts surrounds the image with smaller margin and space between the image and text.
• Through allows the text to cross between some parts of the image
• Top and bottom is when text are located at the top and the bottom of the image.
• Select Behind Text is when image is located behind the text
• In Front Of Text is when image is located infront of the text and hovers above it

Page Background: Watermark

• Select Design Tab
• Watermark>Custom watermark
• Picture and Text watermarks can customized

Checking and Spelling Grammar

• Review Tab>Proofing group and click Editor Command
• Errors will be corrected depending on the suggested words

Inserting comment

• Review Tab>New Comment

Mail Merge Command

• Creates multiple letters, envelopes, labels, name tags using stored information

Spreadsheet Software

Key Features

• Basic tools in organizing and analysis of data.

Brief History of Excel

• Excel is a Microsoft Office suite application.
• Designed for operation of numerical entry.
• Interface includes a table with a large number of cells.
• Excel File: Workbook
• Pages in excel: Worksheets
• Douglas Kundler was the lead developer of MS excel
• Jabe Blumenthal was its program manager

History of Excel

• Developed by Charles Simonyi and Bill Gates

1985 (Excel Version)

• First version of MS Excel available on Apple Macintosh
• First spreadsheet with Visual interface

1987 (Excel Version)

• First excel for Windows and extended fonts and drawing graphics

Mathematical Operators (standard operators for formulas):

• Equals sign (=) is used to start formulas
• Addition (+)
• Subtraction (-)
• Multiplication (*, Asterisk)
• Division (/, Forward Slash)
• Exponents (Caret (^))
• Formulas follow the PEMDAS order

Cell Reference

• Indicates in the cell/set of cells involved in a formula.
• Makes formulas more accurate.
• The cell address combines column and row numbers

Creating Formula

1. Select Cell
2. Type Equals sign
3. Click on the required actual cell/cell address to reference the data that will be enclosed with blue borders.
4. Insert mathematical operator.
5. Type the cell address to reference.
6. Press Enter and info will be Calculated

Useful Microsoft Excel Functions (Basic)

Basic Function Name

• Sum ()
• Average ()
• Count ()
• Max ()
• Min ()

Sum () Function

• Adds numerical details in columns using either typing or selecting.
• When multiple arguments are in use separated by comma
  1. Select Cell
  2. Type Cell Sign
  3. Fill appropriate range the cells will be highlighted
  4. Press Enter

Average () Function

• Allows to get data of all chosen numbers in chosen cells

Count () Function

• Counts chosen cells that have a numerical value
• Helps in finding out if there is any missing file

Useful Microsoft Excel Formulas and Functions (Advanced)

Functions include:

• SUMIF()
• IF()
• VLOOKUP()
• CONCATENATE()

SUMIF() Function:

• Used to summated the values of cells in range that meet the criteria that have been specified.
• Formula: =SUMIF(Range, criteria, sum_range)
• SUMIF = Total to be summed up, and the values of the cells within the range.
• Criteria which that have been specified.
• SUM = Only summated the values from all cells within a range

IF() Function:

• Allows users to achieve a particular value if the condition has been satisfied or TRUE, if the condition has not been dissatisfied or FALSE.
• The basic format for a formula is =IF(CONDITION, result if true, result if false)

VLOOKUP() Function:

• Enables to find something of the leftmost column of the chosen range and return range

CONCATENATE() FUNCTION:

• combines two/multiple text strings.
• combines values from three/more cells to another cell.
• functions is -CONCATENATE (text1, text2, text3).

Useful Ms Excel Features

• conditional formatting
• Enable excel to emphasize certain cells with the formatting they want

Text to Columns

• opposite to concentrate function.
• Uses to separate contents of one column two or more columns
• Use to separated last name vs first name into two columns.

DATA VALIDATION:

• Make sure what is particular value can be entered in a cell.
• and make sure that the data entered is cell is reasonable