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Questions and Answers
What material is expelled during a volcanic eruption?
What material is expelled during a volcanic eruption?
- Magma
- Soil
- Metamorphic rock
- Lava (correct)
Which type of igneous rock is characterized by small crystals?
Which type of igneous rock is characterized by small crystals?
- Sedimentary rocks
- Metamorphic rocks
- Extrusive igneous rocks (correct)
- Intrusive igneous rocks
What is formed when igneous rocks are eroded and their sediments are deposited?
What is formed when igneous rocks are eroded and their sediments are deposited?
- Volcanic ash
- Granite
- Sedimentary rocks (correct)
- Crystalline rocks
What describes the transformation of rocks from one type to another over millions of years?
What describes the transformation of rocks from one type to another over millions of years?
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Which of the following is an example of an intrusive igneous rock?
Which of the following is an example of an intrusive igneous rock?
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Study Notes
Igneous Rocks
- Formed by volcanic activity
- "Ignis" means "fire"
- Can be glassy or crystalline
- Molten rock material inside Earth is called magma
- Magma expelled through vent during volcanic eruption
- Molten material called lava
- Lava cools and hardens to form igneous rocks
- Speed of cooling determines type of igneous rock
Extrusive Igneous Rocks
- Formed when lava cools rapidly on Earth’s surface
- Have small crystals
- Examples include basalt and pumice
- Deccan Plateau is largely made of basalt
Intrusive Igneous Rocks
- Formed when magma cools slowly before reaching the surface
- Have large crystals
- Are coarse-grained and hard
- Example is granite
- Igneous rocks contain holes from gas bubbles
The Rock Cycle
- Describes how rocks transform over millions of years
- Igneous rocks can be eroded, forming sediments
- Sediments deposit on land or in seabeds
- Sediments form sedimentary rocks
- Over time, sedimentary rocks can be altered by high heat and pressure, forming metamorphic rocks
- Metamorphic rocks can melt into magma, completing the cycle
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