15 Questions
What is the process where atoms or molecules are arranged into a defined repeating pattern known as?
Crystallization
Why do igneous rocks formed below Earth's surface generally have larger crystals?
Magma cools down slowly, allowing time for the formation of larger crystals
What did Norman Bowen hypothesize as the main factor influencing the occurrence of certain minerals together in igneous rocks?
The temperature at which the rocks cooled
What did Norman Bowen study during his research on igneous rocks?
The occurrence of certain minerals together in igneous rocks
What did Bowen observe about the crystals in igneous rocks formed from magma at different temperatures?
Common crystals in igneous rock crystallized from magma at different temperatures
What are the two important means of predicting igneous rock formation mentioned in the text?
Bowen's reaction series and magmatic differentiation
What is the result of magma cooling above Earth's surface?
Finer-grained texture due to lack of time for large crystal formation
What is Bowen's reaction series?
A series explaining the crystallization of magma upon cooling
Which mineral crystallizes at higher temperatures according to Bowen's reaction series?
Olivine
What is the mnemonic for remembering the order of minerals formed in the discontinuous series of Bowen's reactions?
Olive Pits Are Bitter
What is magmatic differentiation?
The process explaining how different igneous rocks can originate from single magma melts
Which mineral is at the top of the continuous series of Bowen's reaction series?
Calcium-rich plagioclase
What happens in magmatic differentiation as crystals solidify within the magma?
They tend to sink, altering the chemical composition of the remaining magma
What mnemonic can be used to remember the last minerals and the temperatures when they are formed in the discontinuous series of Bowen's reactions?
P.M. Quiet
What does Bowen's reaction series explain?
The crystallization of magma upon cooling
Test your knowledge of igneous rock formation with this quiz! Explore how magma cools and solidifies to create different types of igneous rocks, and learn about the process of crystallization. Gain a deeper understanding of the formation of igneous rocks both above and below Earth's surface.
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