Igneous Rock Formation Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the process where atoms or molecules are arranged into a defined repeating pattern known as?

  • Solidification
  • Melting
  • Liquefaction
  • Crystallization (correct)

    • Why do igneous rocks formed below Earth's surface generally have larger crystals?

  • Magma contains more gas, resulting in larger crystal growth
  • Magma cools down slowly, allowing time for the formation of larger crystals (correct)
  • Magma cools rapidly, promoting the formation of larger crystals
  • Magma has more impurities, leading to larger crystal formation

    • What did Norman Bowen hypothesize as the main factor influencing the occurrence of certain minerals together in igneous rocks?

  • The composition of the surrounding rocks
  • The temperature at which the rocks cooled (correct)
  • The presence of water in the magma
  • The pressure during the rock formation

    • What did Norman Bowen study during his research on igneous rocks?

    <p>The occurrence of certain minerals together in igneous rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Bowen observe about the crystals in igneous rocks formed from magma at different temperatures?

    <p>Common crystals in igneous rock crystallized from magma at different temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two important means of predicting igneous rock formation mentioned in the text?

    <p>Bowen's reaction series and magmatic differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of magma cooling above Earth's surface?

    <p>Finer-grained texture due to lack of time for large crystal formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Bowen's reaction series?

    <p>A series explaining the crystallization of magma upon cooling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral crystallizes at higher temperatures according to Bowen's reaction series?

    <p>Olivine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mnemonic for remembering the order of minerals formed in the discontinuous series of Bowen's reactions?

    <p>Olive Pits Are Bitter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is magmatic differentiation?

    <p>The process explaining how different igneous rocks can originate from single magma melts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral is at the top of the continuous series of Bowen's reaction series?

    <p>Calcium-rich plagioclase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens in magmatic differentiation as crystals solidify within the magma?

    <p>They tend to sink, altering the chemical composition of the remaining magma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mnemonic can be used to remember the last minerals and the temperatures when they are formed in the discontinuous series of Bowen's reactions?

    <p>P.M. Quiet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Bowen's reaction series explain?

    <p>The crystallization of magma upon cooling</p> Signup and view all the answers

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