Igneous Rock Formation Process
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Questions and Answers

What is the process where atoms or molecules are arranged into a defined repeating pattern known as?

  • Crystallization (correct)
  • Liquefaction
  • Magmatization
  • Solidification
  • Why do igneous rocks formed below Earth's surface generally have larger crystals?

  • Because they are exposed to more pressure
  • Because they are exposed to more oxygen
  • Because the magma cools down faster
  • Because the minerals in the magma have time to form large crystals (correct)
  • What important means of predicting igneous rock formation are mentioned in the text?

  • Norman's reaction series and sedimentary differentiation
  • Bowen's reaction series and metamorphic differentiation
  • Bowen's dissolution theory and crystal formation
  • Bowen's reaction series and magmatic differentiation (correct)
  • What did Norman Bowen hypothesize as the main factor affecting the occurrence of certain minerals together?

    <p>Temperature at which the rocks cooled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Norman Bowen conduct his experiments with igneous rocks?

    <p>He crushed them into powder, placed them in a metal capsule, heated them to various temperatures, and then cooled them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Bowen observe under a special microscope during his experiments with igneous rocks?

    <p>Common crystals in igneous rock crystallized from magma at different temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do igneous rocks formed above Earth's surface generally have a finer-grained texture?

    <p>Because they cool faster than those formed below Earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of Bowen's reaction series?

    <p>The formation of different minerals as magma cools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the groups of igneous rock shown in Bowen's reaction series diagram?

    <p>Ultramafic, mafic, intermediate, and felsic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mnemonic used to remember the order of minerals formed in the discontinuous series of Bowen's reactions?

    <p>Olive Pits Are Bitter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the continuous series of Bowen's reaction series, what happens as magma cools?

    <p>Calcium is replaced with sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in magmatic differentiation?

    <p>Crystals settle at the bottom of the magma melt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mineral crystallizes at the highest temperature according to Bowen's reaction series?

    <p>Olivine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mnemonic used to remember the last minerals and the temperatures when they are formed in Bowen's reaction series?

    <p>P.M.Quiet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does magmatic differentiation result in the formation of different igneous rocks?

    <p>By altering the chemical composition of the remaining magma through settling crystals</p> Signup and view all the answers

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