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What is the function of the micropyle in a seed?
What is the function of the micropyle in a seed?
Seed dispersal allows plant populations to establish themselves in the same area as the parent plant.
Seed dispersal allows plant populations to establish themselves in the same area as the parent plant.
False
What are the two main parts of an embryo in a seed?
What are the two main parts of an embryo in a seed?
A young shoot (or plumule) and a young root (or radicle)
The seed coat, also known as the _____________, prevents dehydration of the embryo.
The seed coat, also known as the _____________, prevents dehydration of the embryo.
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Match the types of fruits with their descriptions:
Match the types of fruits with their descriptions:
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What is the main function of fruit?
What is the main function of fruit?
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Cotyledons are part of the seed coat.
Cotyledons are part of the seed coat.
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What is the advantage of seed dispersal in terms of competition between parent plants and their offspring?
What is the advantage of seed dispersal in terms of competition between parent plants and their offspring?
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The ovary wall develops into the _____________ which prevents dehydration of the embryo.
The ovary wall develops into the _____________ which prevents dehydration of the embryo.
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Which of the following is NOT a method of seed dispersal?
Which of the following is NOT a method of seed dispersal?
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Study Notes
Plant Reproduction
- Reproduction is the production of an offspring, involving the passing of genetic information from parent to offspring.
- There are two types of reproduction: asexual and sexual.
Asexual Reproduction
- Asexual reproduction involves the production of offspring from one parent.
- Methods of asexual reproduction include:
- Binary fission
- Spore formation
- Budding
Binary Fission
- Binary fission occurs in plant cells and involves the production of two identical daughter cells.
- The process involves:
- DNA replication
- Cell division
- The formation of two identical daughter cells
- Binary fission has two important roles:
- It allows for growth and repair in multicellular organisms.
- It enables unicellular organisms to produce offspring.
Spore Formation in Fungi
- Spore formation occurs in fungi and involves the production of microscopic reproductive structures called spores.
- Spores are formed in sporangia and are released when the sporangium matures.
- Spores can develop into new fungi if they land in favorable conditions.
Budding in Yeast Cells
- Budding is a method of asexual reproduction that occurs in yeast cells.
- The process involves:
- The formation of a bud on the surface of the yeast cell.
- The nucleus of the cell divides into two.
- One of the nuclei moves into the bud.
- The bud separates and continues to grow.
Sexual Reproduction
- Sexual reproduction involves the production of offspring from two parents.
- The process involves:
- The production of gametes (sex cells) by the parents.
- The transfer of the male gamete to the female reproductive organ.
- Fertilization, which occurs when the gametes fuse to produce a zygote.
- The offspring produced by sexual reproduction are genetically different from their parents and exhibit genetic diversity.
Pollination
- Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a flower.
- There are two main types of pollination:
- Insect pollination, which occurs when pollen is transferred by insects such as bees, butterflies, and ants.
- Wind pollination, which occurs when pollen is transferred by wind.
Insect Pollination
- Insect-pollinated flowers have adaptations that attract insects, such as:
- Large, colorful petals.
- Nectar production.
- The stigma is hooked or located inside the flower, surrounded by the anther and petals.
Wind Pollination
- Wind-pollinated flowers have adaptations that allow for the transfer of pollen by wind, such as:
- Small, inconspicuous flowers.
- No nectar production.
- The stigma is sticky and feathery, acting as a net to trap pollen grains.
- The pollen is produced in large numbers and is very light.
Fertilization
- Fertilization occurs when a pollen grain reaches a stigma and a pollen tube grows down the style.
- The process involves:
- The pollen tube reaching an ovule.
- The male gamete moving down the pollen tube.
- The male nucleus fusing with the female nucleus to form a zygote.
- The zygote dividing many times to produce an embryo.
Seed and Fruit Formation
- Once the ovules are fertilized, the ovary develops into a fruit, and the ovules develop into seeds.
- The seed is made up of:
- An embryo, which consists of a young shoot and a young root.
- One or two cotyledons, which are food stores.
- A seed coat, which is the thickened outer wall of the ovule.
- A micropyle, which is a small hole that marks the point where the pollen tube entered the ovule.
Seed Dispersal
- The main function of fruit is seed dispersal, which allows plants to establish themselves in new habitats.
- Methods of seed dispersal include:
- Parachute fruits and winged fruits, which have feathery hairs or wing-like structures that allow them to float over long distances.
- Explosive fruits, which release seeds when the fruit splits open.
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Description
Learn about the process of reproduction in plants, including asexual and sexual reproduction methods. Understand the characteristics of each type and how genetic information is passed on.
