Questions and Answers
What is an Instrument Landing System (ILS) - Compass Locator?
What does the Approach Lighting System (ALS) do?
Helps transition from radio-guided flight to visual approach
What are the categories of Instrument Landing System (ILS) approaches based on visibility?
RNAV stands for ______.
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What does Required Navigation Performance (RNP) signify?
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What does VNAV provide?
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RNAV Route types include Q routes from ______ to ______.
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What altitude range does T routes cover?
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What is the minimum aeronautical experience required for an IFR rating?
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Match the personal documents required for flight:
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Which of the following aircraft documents are required for flight?
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Logging instrument time can be done for any flight.
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What are the requirements for instrument PIC recency?
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Who can sign you off if you fail to meet currency in the first 6 months?
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What must you do if you fail to meet currency within the past 12 months?
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What are the requirements to carry passengers as PIC during the day?
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A flight review must be completed within the last 24 months to act as PIC.
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What are the characteristics of an Obstacle Departure Procedure (ODP)?
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What is required when filing an IFR flight plan?
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What are IFR minimum fuel requirements based on?
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What are the minimum requirements for an alternate airport?
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What is meant by Clearance VOID time?
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What is expected from the Expect Departure Clearance Time (EDCT)?
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What is the VOR service volume for Terminal?
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What does VOR stand for?
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What minimum altitude must be maintained for IFR?
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RVR of 2400 equals ____ visibility.
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RVR of 6000 equals ____ visibility.
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What is required for IFR night flight?
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Study Notes
Minimum Aeronautical Experience for IFR Rating
- Requires 50 hours of cross-country pilot-in-command time; 10 hours must be in airplane.
- 40 hours of actual or simulated instrument time; 15 hours with a Certified Flight Instructor (CFII).
- Specific requirements include:
- A 250 nautical mile flight.
- Navigation along airways or under ATC direction.
- Performing an Instrument Approach Procedure (IAP) at each airport.
- Using three types of IAP with navigation systems.
- Filing an IFR flight plan.
- Three hours of training must be completed within two months of the practical test.
Personal Document Required for Flight
- Pilot Certificate and Medical Certificate are mandatory.
- Requires a government-issued Photo ID.
- Radio License is required when flying outside the U.S.
Aircraft Documents Required for Flight
- Must carry an Airworthiness Certificate, Registration Certificate, and Radio License (for international flights).
- Includes the Operating Handbook for the aircraft and weight and balance calculations.
Logging Instrument Time
- Instrument time can be logged only when the pilot operates the aircraft solely by instruments in actual or simulated Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC).
Instrument Pilot-In-Command (PIC) Recency Requirements
- Compliance with 66 HITS is required.
- Usage of an Approved Training Device (ATD) must include:
- Three hours of instrument experience.
- Holding procedures.
- Conducting six IAP.
- Recovering from two unusual attitudes while descending.
Sign-off After Currency Failure
- Can be signed off by a safety pilot, flight instructor, or examiner if currency is met within six months after the first failure.
Requirements After 12 Months of Lapse
- Must undergo an Instrument Proficiency Check conducted by a CFII, examiner, or designated individual.
Carrying Passengers as PIC
- Daytime: Must have completed three takeoffs and landings in the same category and type of aircraft within the last 90 days.
- Nighttime: The same requirements apply, but must be completed between one hour after sunset and one hour before sunrise.
Acting as Pilot-In-Command
- Requires a flight review within the last 24 months.
- The Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) contain some exceptions.
Obstacle Departure Procedure (ODP) Characteristics
- Provides obstruction clearance; pilots may fly without ATC clearance unless otherwise instructed.
- Graphic ODPs are marked as "Obstacle" and are available in the Terminal Procedures Publication.
Standard Instrument Departure (SID) Characteristics
- Designed to provide obstruction clearance and reduce radio congestion.
- Distant navigation is pilot-managed with minimal radio communication or ATC provides vectored routes.
- Some SIDs include non-standard radio procedures.
Standard Terminal Arrival (STAR) Characteristics
- Facilitates transition from en route structure to approach point.
- Connects en route to STARs, typically identifiable by their starting locations.
IFR Flight Plan Requirements
- Required in Class A airspace and while operating in IFR in controlled airspace.
Filing an IFR Flight Plan
- Can be filed via phone call to a briefer, online services, or through ATC communication before departure.
IFR Flight Plan Storage Duration
- Stored in the system for 1.5 hours.
Cancelling an IFR Flight Plan
- Towered airports: ATC cancels upon landing.
- Non-towered airports: Contact FSS or ATC.
- Cancel while airborne if VFR conditions allow.
IFR Minimum Altitudes
- Minimum of 1,000 feet above the highest obstacle within 4 nautical miles of course.
- Requires 2,000 feet above highest obstacles in mountainous terrain.
IFR Cruising Altitudes
- East: Odd thousands (0-179 degrees).
- West: Even thousands (180-359 degrees).
IFR Minimum Fuel Requirements
- Fuel must be sufficient for the flight to the destination, an alternate airport, and an additional 45 minutes at normal cruising speed.
Alternate Airport Filing Requirements
- Must consider +1 hour of Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) and maintain a minimum ceiling of 2,000 feet and 3 statute miles visibility.
Alternate Airport Minimums
- Must meet specified minima: 600 feet ceiling with 2 statute miles visibility for precision approaches, and 800 feet ceiling with 2 statute miles visibility for non-precision.
Clearance VOID Time
- The specific time after which a clearance is void, requiring ATC notification within 30 minutes if no departure occurs.
Holding for Release
- Pilot must wait for IFR departure release from ATC prior to takeoff.
Release Time
- The earliest time an aircraft may depart under IFR conditions.
Expect Departure Clearance Time (EDCT)
- A runway release time set by traffic management programs, expected to depart within 5 minutes of the EDCT.
Abbreviated Departure Clearance
- Cleared to "..." as filed without further route specification.
Position Report Requirements
- Each report must include aircraft ID, position, time, altitude, type of flight plan, ETA, and pertinent remarks.
IFR Takeoff Minimums
- Part 91 aircraft: No minimums.
- Part 121, 125, 129, 135 require prescribed takeoff minimums or, failing that, specific visibility standards based on the number of engines.
Holding Pattern Timing
- Inbound leg time is 1 minute at or below 14,000 feet; 1.5 minutes above 14,000 feet.
- Use specified distance for DME/GPS holds.
VFR Night Flight Requirements
- Must satisfy ATOMATOFLAMES + FLAPS criteria.
IFR Flight Requirements
- Day: ATOMATOFLAMES + GRABCARD.
- Night: ATOMATOFLAMES + FLAPS + GRABCARD.
Standard VOR Service Volumes
- Terminal: 1,000ft - 12,000ft at 25 NM.
- Low: 1,000ft - 18,000ft at 40 NM.
- High: Different ranges based on the altitude, varying from 40 to 130 NM.
VOR Limitations
- Includes cone of confusion, reverse sensing, and requirement for line of sight to the station.
VOR Checks
- Specific tolerances for VOR checks under varying conditions.
Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) Characteristics
- Utilizes frequencies from 962-1213 MHz with automatic syncing with VOR/LOC stations.
Non-Directional Beacon (NDB) Characteristics
- Operates on frequencies from 190-535 MHz; ADF systems direct towards NDB stations.
Instrument Landing System (ILS) Components
- Localizer: Frequency range between 108.1 - 111.95 MHz, providing lateral guidance.
- Glide Slope: UHF guidance for vertical positioning during final approach.
- Marker Beacons: Provide range information and point indicators along the approach path.
Required Navigation Performance (RNP)
- A metric indicating required navigation accuracy, with specific values for different phases of a flight.
RNAV Route Types
- Q routes operate from FL180 to FL450; T routes from 1200 feet AGL to 18,000 feet MSL.
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Test your knowledge on the minimum aeronautical experience needed for obtaining an IFR rating. This quiz covers cross-country flight rules, personal document necessities, and required aircraft documents. Gain confidence in your understanding of IFR flight prerequisites and documentation requirements.
