Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the word 'feasible' mean in the context provided?
What does the word 'feasible' mean in the context provided?
- Only achievable with great effort
- Possible to do easily or conveniently (correct)
- Difficult to achieve
- Completely impractical
In discussions about policy debates, what role does a 'proponent' typically play?
In discussions about policy debates, what role does a 'proponent' typically play?
- A neutral observer
- An opponent of a proposal
- A supporter of a theory or proposal (correct)
- A researcher who remains unbiased
Which example accurately describes the use of the term 'deploy'?
Which example accurately describes the use of the term 'deploy'?
- To gather resources for future use
- To plan an uncertain course of action
- To move into position for action (correct)
- To remove from service
Why might switching to renewable energy not be considered feasible in certain regions?
Why might switching to renewable energy not be considered feasible in certain regions?
Which of the following statements best reflects the use of 'feasible' in everyday language?
Which of the following statements best reflects the use of 'feasible' in everyday language?
How can the government 'deploy' resources according to the information given?
How can the government 'deploy' resources according to the information given?
What is a primary characteristic of a proponent in policy discussions?
What is a primary characteristic of a proponent in policy discussions?
Which situation exemplifies something that might NOT be feasible?
Which situation exemplifies something that might NOT be feasible?
What does it mean when something is described as having a benign effect?
What does it mean when something is described as having a benign effect?
How is the term 'conducive' best described?
How is the term 'conducive' best described?
What is the primary purpose of an incentive in economic discussions?
What is the primary purpose of an incentive in economic discussions?
What does the term 'compile' refer to in academic discussions?
What does the term 'compile' refer to in academic discussions?
When findings are described as contradictory, what does this imply?
When findings are described as contradictory, what does this imply?
What does it mean to foster creativity in educational settings?
What does it mean to foster creativity in educational settings?
In the context of employment, what does retention refer to?
In the context of employment, what does retention refer to?
What does 'depict' mean in artistic discussions?
What does 'depict' mean in artistic discussions?
What is the implication of the phrase 'to steer clear of'?
What is the implication of the phrase 'to steer clear of'?
What does it mean when something solely depends on a factor?
What does it mean when something solely depends on a factor?
What does the term 'abundant' signify?
What does the term 'abundant' signify?
What does sustainability refer to in environmental discussions?
What does sustainability refer to in environmental discussions?
What does it mean to assess a situation?
What does it mean to assess a situation?
What does the term 'notable' imply in the context of writing?
What does the term 'notable' imply in the context of writing?
How is the word 'detrimental' typically used in writing?
How is the word 'detrimental' typically used in writing?
Which of the following best describes 'mitigate'?
Which of the following best describes 'mitigate'?
What does 'discrepancy' refer to?
What does 'discrepancy' refer to?
What is meant by 'resilient' in terms of communities?
What is meant by 'resilient' in terms of communities?
What does 'alleviate' mean?
What does 'alleviate' mean?
Which of the following describes 'vulnerable'?
Which of the following describes 'vulnerable'?
What does 'paradigm' signify?
What does 'paradigm' signify?
How is 'viable' used in discussions about solutions?
How is 'viable' used in discussions about solutions?
What does 'benign' imply?
What does 'benign' imply?
What is the primary focus of using the term 'resilient' in writing?
What is the primary focus of using the term 'resilient' in writing?
Why might governments want to mitigate climate change effects?
Why might governments want to mitigate climate change effects?
Which of the following is an example of a discrepancy?
Which of the following is an example of a discrepancy?
What role does the word 'alleviate' play in discussions about social issues?
What role does the word 'alleviate' play in discussions about social issues?
What is the purpose of using transition words like 'however' in communication?
What is the purpose of using transition words like 'however' in communication?
Which statement accurately describes a gerund statement?
Which statement accurately describes a gerund statement?
What does the expression 'to work around the clock' imply?
What does the expression 'to work around the clock' imply?
What type of family structure can be described as 'close-knit'?
What type of family structure can be described as 'close-knit'?
What phrase indicates a strong interest in an activity?
What phrase indicates a strong interest in an activity?
Which of these is an example of a present perfect construction?
Which of these is an example of a present perfect construction?
Which sentence most accurately uses a conditional structure?
Which sentence most accurately uses a conditional structure?
Which phrase is a correct usage of a phrasal verb?
Which phrase is a correct usage of a phrasal verb?
Which of the following is an expression of a personal opinion?
Which of the following is an expression of a personal opinion?
What does the phrase 'to take after someone' describe?
What does the phrase 'to take after someone' describe?
What does travelling to Egypt being at the 'top of my list' imply?
What does travelling to Egypt being at the 'top of my list' imply?
What does a gerund statement express about the subject?
What does a gerund statement express about the subject?
Which statement could convey a future intention regarding an activity?
Which statement could convey a future intention regarding an activity?
What is the function of opinion words in a statement?
What is the function of opinion words in a statement?
What does it mean to carry out a study?
What does it mean to carry out a study?
What is implied when a new theory builds on previous research?
What is implied when a new theory builds on previous research?
What does it mean to dwell on a topic?
What does it mean to dwell on a topic?
What is the significance of neutrinos in the article?
What is the significance of neutrinos in the article?
How is the term 'unassuming' used in the context of the article?
How is the term 'unassuming' used in the context of the article?
What does the phrase 'expand on existing theories' suggest?
What does the phrase 'expand on existing theories' suggest?
Which of the following correctly describes a subatomic particle?
Which of the following correctly describes a subatomic particle?
What does 'to exceed' imply in the discussion of speed?
What does 'to exceed' imply in the discussion of speed?
Which statement best describes how neutrinos are perceived?
Which statement best describes how neutrinos are perceived?
What does the expression 'able to penetrate' refer to?
What does the expression 'able to penetrate' refer to?
In scientific discussions, what role does evidence play in making a claim?
In scientific discussions, what role does evidence play in making a claim?
Which is the correct grammatical structure for use with modal verbs?
Which is the correct grammatical structure for use with modal verbs?
What does the term 'target' primarily refer to in the context provided?
What does the term 'target' primarily refer to in the context provided?
What is the primary function of the term 'elicit' as described in the content?
What is the primary function of the term 'elicit' as described in the content?
In the discussion, what does 'decipher' indicate?
In the discussion, what does 'decipher' indicate?
What does the term 'fluctuate' imply about the behavior of certain data or conditions?
What does the term 'fluctuate' imply about the behavior of certain data or conditions?
How is the term 'outline' best understood in a written context?
How is the term 'outline' best understood in a written context?
What does the verb 'promote' imply in a social context?
What does the verb 'promote' imply in a social context?
What does the term 'habitat' denote?
What does the term 'habitat' denote?
How is the verb 'augment' commonly applied in various contexts?
How is the verb 'augment' commonly applied in various contexts?
What does the present perfect continuous tense indicate?
What does the present perfect continuous tense indicate?
What is the significance of using articles before job titles in English?
What is the significance of using articles before job titles in English?
What is the role of gerund statements in advanced English writing?
What is the role of gerund statements in advanced English writing?
What does 'weight fluctuates' refer to in the context of human health?
What does 'weight fluctuates' refer to in the context of human health?
In the context provided, what is an essential aspect of effective communication?
In the context provided, what is an essential aspect of effective communication?
What is the meaning of the phrasal verb 'put forth'?
What is the meaning of the phrasal verb 'put forth'?
What does the verb 'bring about' indicate?
What does the verb 'bring about' indicate?
Which sentence best illustrates the use of 'flesh out'?
Which sentence best illustrates the use of 'flesh out'?
How is 'draw on' used in a sentence?
How is 'draw on' used in a sentence?
What does it mean when findings 'bear on' a debate?
What does it mean when findings 'bear on' a debate?
What is the correct past simple form of 'to draw on'?
What is the correct past simple form of 'to draw on'?
What does 'backup' refer to in terms of research or arguments?
What does 'backup' refer to in terms of research or arguments?
In what context would 'to bear on' be used?
In what context would 'to bear on' be used?
Which example demonstrates a correct use of 'bring about'?
Which example demonstrates a correct use of 'bring about'?
What is the main purpose of using phrases like 'What I'm trying to say is'?
What is the main purpose of using phrases like 'What I'm trying to say is'?
When you 'flesh out' a concept, you are likely to do which of the following?
When you 'flesh out' a concept, you are likely to do which of the following?
Which verb form should you use for the phrasal verb 'to backup' in past participle?
Which verb form should you use for the phrasal verb 'to backup' in past participle?
What is an example of the verb 'to bear' in past simple form?
What is an example of the verb 'to bear' in past simple form?
If a study 'backs up' an assertion, what does it do?
If a study 'backs up' an assertion, what does it do?
What does the phrase 'to stem from' mean?
What does the phrase 'to stem from' mean?
What is the effect of adding 're' in front of a verb?
What is the effect of adding 're' in front of a verb?
Which of the following most accurately describes 'the issue at stake'?
Which of the following most accurately describes 'the issue at stake'?
How is 60 nanoseconds defined?
How is 60 nanoseconds defined?
What does the term 'margin of error' refer to?
What does the term 'margin of error' refer to?
What is meant by 'to rule something out'?
What is meant by 'to rule something out'?
In the context of the passage, what is 'lunar effects' referring to?
In the context of the passage, what is 'lunar effects' referring to?
What does 'nevertheless' signal in a discussion?
What does 'nevertheless' signal in a discussion?
What does being 'skeptical' imply?
What does being 'skeptical' imply?
What does 'to consider' imply regarding options?
What does 'to consider' imply regarding options?
What does 'accounted for' mean in the context of calculations?
What does 'accounted for' mean in the context of calculations?
What does 'the speed of light' represent?
What does 'the speed of light' represent?
What action might someone take after being denied a promotion?
What action might someone take after being denied a promotion?
How is 'duration' defined in the context of an experiment?
How is 'duration' defined in the context of an experiment?
What does the phrase 'able to' require to be grammatically correct?
What does the phrase 'able to' require to be grammatically correct?
What does 'penetrate' mean in the context of the discussed neutrinos?
What does 'penetrate' mean in the context of the discussed neutrinos?
What does 'promptly' imply when used to describe the arrival of neutrinos?
What does 'promptly' imply when used to describe the arrival of neutrinos?
What does the term 'unthinkable' refer to in the context of the scientific findings?
What does the term 'unthinkable' refer to in the context of the scientific findings?
What does 'trigger' mean in the context of the neutrinos' travel?
What does 'trigger' mean in the context of the neutrinos' travel?
Which of the following describes the action of neutrinos travel according to the content?
Which of the following describes the action of neutrinos travel according to the content?
In British English, which is the preferred spelling of the past tense of 'learn'?
In British English, which is the preferred spelling of the past tense of 'learn'?
What is the significance of the dashes used in sentences?
What is the significance of the dashes used in sentences?
What does it imply if an event is described as occurring 'promptly at 9:00 AM'?
What does it imply if an event is described as occurring 'promptly at 9:00 AM'?
When something is described as 'hurtling,' what does it suggest about its movement?
When something is described as 'hurtling,' what does it suggest about its movement?
What does the phrase 'the human form undetected' suggest?
What does the phrase 'the human form undetected' suggest?
What does the verb 'utter' mean as mentioned in the context?
What does the verb 'utter' mean as mentioned in the context?
Why is it important to note the past simple of 'learn' in the content?
Why is it important to note the past simple of 'learn' in the content?
What signifies the content provided about neutrinos that may require reconsideration?
What signifies the content provided about neutrinos that may require reconsideration?
What does 'pushed harder than any theory' imply about Einstein's relativity theory?
What does 'pushed harder than any theory' imply about Einstein's relativity theory?
What does 'to no avail' signify in the context of scientific challenges to Einstein's theory?
What does 'to no avail' signify in the context of scientific challenges to Einstein's theory?
What does 'just around the corner' suggest about the prospects of time travel?
What does 'just around the corner' suggest about the prospects of time travel?
Which statement best reflects Einstein's theory of relativity based on its historical resistance to challenges?
Which statement best reflects Einstein's theory of relativity based on its historical resistance to challenges?
What is the significance of particles traveling faster than light in relation to time travel?
What is the significance of particles traveling faster than light in relation to time travel?
What does 'cleared the hurdle' refer to in the discussion of faster-than-light travel?
What does 'cleared the hurdle' refer to in the discussion of faster-than-light travel?
What does 'beyond the scope of' mean in the context provided?
What does 'beyond the scope of' mean in the context provided?
What does the expression 'to break something to someone' typically refer to?
What does the expression 'to break something to someone' typically refer to?
What does 'harnesses the power of the sun' imply about solar panels?
What does 'harnesses the power of the sun' imply about solar panels?
In informal speech, how do speakers commonly pronounce 'did you'?
In informal speech, how do speakers commonly pronounce 'did you'?
What are neutrinos described as in the context of particle physics?
What are neutrinos described as in the context of particle physics?
What does the expression 'cut it out' imply?
What does the expression 'cut it out' imply?
What does 'kick it up a notch' suggest in a work context?
What does 'kick it up a notch' suggest in a work context?
What implication does the phrase 'far beyond the scope of any modern technologies' suggest?
What implication does the phrase 'far beyond the scope of any modern technologies' suggest?
How is the phrase 'don't let him get to you' commonly interpreted?
How is the phrase 'don't let him get to you' commonly interpreted?
What does the term 'prospect' refer to in the context of time travel?
What does the term 'prospect' refer to in the context of time travel?
Which of the following best describes the term 'gonna' as used in spoken English?
Which of the following best describes the term 'gonna' as used in spoken English?
How is the phrase 'time travel took a small step away from science fiction' best understood?
How is the phrase 'time travel took a small step away from science fiction' best understood?
What can be inferred about the speed of light's significance in physics from the passage?
What can be inferred about the speed of light's significance in physics from the passage?
What effect do lunar effects or tidal bulges have in the context of the experiment mentioned?
What effect do lunar effects or tidal bulges have in the context of the experiment mentioned?
What does 'leaving it to future generations' imply about current responsibilities?
What does 'leaving it to future generations' imply about current responsibilities?
What does the phrase 'you gotta' imply about the speaker's attitude?
What does the phrase 'you gotta' imply about the speaker's attitude?
In the listening exercise, what behavior is described with the expression 'cut it out, would you?'
In the listening exercise, what behavior is described with the expression 'cut it out, would you?'
What is suggested by the statement 'everything learned over the last 100 years may need to be reconsidered'?
What is suggested by the statement 'everything learned over the last 100 years may need to be reconsidered'?
When someone is told 'don't let the traffic get to you,' what are they being advised to do?
When someone is told 'don't let the traffic get to you,' what are they being advised to do?
What type of news does 'breaking something to someone' generally involve?
What type of news does 'breaking something to someone' generally involve?
Which phrase indicates a suggestion to improve performance?
Which phrase indicates a suggestion to improve performance?
What does the expression 'give me a break' typically convey?
What does the expression 'give me a break' typically convey?
Which contraction is correctly formed in spoken English?
Which contraction is correctly formed in spoken English?
What does the term 'oughta' refer to in spoken English?
What does the term 'oughta' refer to in spoken English?
Why is 'had' not typically contracted in the phrase 'I had an inkling she'd bail'?
Why is 'had' not typically contracted in the phrase 'I had an inkling she'd bail'?
How is the phrase 'she bailed' commonly understood?
How is the phrase 'she bailed' commonly understood?
What does the word 'inkling' imply?
What does the word 'inkling' imply?
In which context would 'appease' be most appropriately used?
In which context would 'appease' be most appropriately used?
Which of the following is grammatically correct in the context of substitutions?
Which of the following is grammatically correct in the context of substitutions?
What is the most appropriate response in a situation where someone cancels plans?
What is the most appropriate response in a situation where someone cancels plans?
What is the commonly used reduction of 'I ought to' in casual conversation?
What is the commonly used reduction of 'I ought to' in casual conversation?
How is 'bail' typically used in conversation?
How is 'bail' typically used in conversation?
Which of the following correctly identifies the role of 'will' in contractions?
Which of the following correctly identifies the role of 'will' in contractions?
What does the phrase 'I can't believe she bailed on me' express?
What does the phrase 'I can't believe she bailed on me' express?
What does the contraction 'shouldn't' represent in spoken English?
What does the contraction 'shouldn't' represent in spoken English?
In the phrase 'I got a lot of merch', what does 'merch' refer to?
In the phrase 'I got a lot of merch', what does 'merch' refer to?
What does the idiom 'cut it out' imply in informal conversation?
What does the idiom 'cut it out' imply in informal conversation?
What does the expression 'get out of here' NOT imply?
What does the expression 'get out of here' NOT imply?
Which shortened form represents 'veterinarian' in casual speech?
Which shortened form represents 'veterinarian' in casual speech?
What do phrasal verbs, idioms, and expressions add to language understanding?
What do phrasal verbs, idioms, and expressions add to language understanding?
How is the phrase 'give me a break' often understood?
How is the phrase 'give me a break' often understood?
What does the reduction 'got to' become in casual speech?
What does the reduction 'got to' become in casual speech?
What is the more casual pronunciation of 'a lot of'?
What is the more casual pronunciation of 'a lot of'?
Which scenario best describes misunderstandings stemming from linking sounds?
Which scenario best describes misunderstandings stemming from linking sounds?
What is a common way to improve understanding of native speakers?
What is a common way to improve understanding of native speakers?
What role do tone and context play in interpreting the expression 'get out of here'?
What role do tone and context play in interpreting the expression 'get out of here'?
What is one goal when expanding vocabulary with idioms and expressions?
What is one goal when expanding vocabulary with idioms and expressions?
What does the expression 'cut it out' request?
What does the expression 'cut it out' request?
How is the phrase 'what are you' typically pronounced in connected speech?
How is the phrase 'what are you' typically pronounced in connected speech?
What sound change occurs with words ending in 'ing' in casual speech?
What sound change occurs with words ending in 'ing' in casual speech?
What is the purpose of using contractions in spoken English?
What is the purpose of using contractions in spoken English?
Which phrase is a common example of connected speech?
Which phrase is a common example of connected speech?
What is the implication of the phrase 'kick it up a notch'?
What is the implication of the phrase 'kick it up a notch'?
Which of the following represents an informal phrase commonly used in spoken English?
Which of the following represents an informal phrase commonly used in spoken English?
What does the term 'linked speech' refer to?
What does the term 'linked speech' refer to?
How do native speakers typically pronounce 'going to' in informal contexts?
How do native speakers typically pronounce 'going to' in informal contexts?
What is the common pronunciation change when asking, 'What do you mean?' in casual conversation?
What is the common pronunciation change when asking, 'What do you mean?' in casual conversation?
What does 'gimme' represent in informal speech?
What does 'gimme' represent in informal speech?
What challenge does connected speech present to English learners?
What challenge does connected speech present to English learners?
Which of the following phrases does NOT represent a common reduction in English?
Which of the following phrases does NOT represent a common reduction in English?
What is the term for omitting sounds from words in spoken communication?
What is the term for omitting sounds from words in spoken communication?
What is typically a goal for students learning connected speech?
What is typically a goal for students learning connected speech?
What does it mean to be inept at something?
What does it mean to be inept at something?
Which term is used to describe someone who enjoys being social?
Which term is used to describe someone who enjoys being social?
What is the correct term to continue a discussion?
What is the correct term to continue a discussion?
What does it mean to grasp a concept?
What does it mean to grasp a concept?
What does consolidating mean?
What does consolidating mean?
What does the term 'subsequent' imply?
What does the term 'subsequent' imply?
Which preposition is correctly used with 'pressure'?
Which preposition is correctly used with 'pressure'?
What do women typically face as challenges in the workplace?
What do women typically face as challenges in the workplace?
What is a pertinent remark?
What is a pertinent remark?
What does it mean to delegate a task?
What does it mean to delegate a task?
Which adjective best describes a heavy workload?
Which adjective best describes a heavy workload?
What does ascertain mean in a police context?
What does ascertain mean in a police context?
What does it mean to procrastinate?
What does it mean to procrastinate?
What does it mean when something is described as an obstacle?
What does it mean when something is described as an obstacle?
Flashcards
Feasible
Feasible
Possible to do easily or conveniently.
Proponent
Proponent
Someone who advocates for a theory, proposal, or course of action.
Deploy
Deploy
To move into position for action or utilize something strategically.
Renewable energy
Renewable energy
An alternative to fossil fuels, often sustainable.
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Implementation
Implementation
Putting something into action or use, typically involving strategies.
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IELTS
IELTS
An English language exam.
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TOEFL
TOEFL
An English language exam.
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Geographic limitations
Geographic limitations
Constraints on something due to location.
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Notable
Notable
Something worthy of attention, significant, or remarkable. Often used to highlight key differences or achievements.
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Detrimental
Detrimental
Causing harm or tending to cause harm. Used when discussing negative impacts of actions or policies.
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Mitigate
Mitigate
To reduce the severity, seriousness, or painfulness of something. Often used in environmental contexts.
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Discrepancy
Discrepancy
A lack of compatibility or similarity between two or more facts. Used in data analysis or research findings.
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Resilient
Resilient
Able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions. Used when discussing communities or individuals facing challenges.
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Alleviate
Alleviate
To make suffering, deficiency, or a problem less severe. Often used in discussing solutions to social issues like poverty.
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Vulnerable
Vulnerable
Susceptible to physical or emotional harm. Often used in discussions about social issues, health, and environmental concerns.
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Paradigm
Paradigm
A typical example or pattern; a model. Used to discuss shifts in thinking or approaches.
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Viable
Viable
Capable of working successfully; feasible. Often used in discussions about sustainability and practical solutions.
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Benign
Benign
Having no significant harm or negative effect.
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Contrast
Contrast
To compare two things to highlight their differences.
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Synonyms
Synonyms
Words that have the same or similar meaning.
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Alternative
Alternative
A different option or choice.
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Impact
Impact
A powerful effect or result.
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Social Issues
Social Issues
Problems that affect a large number of people in society.
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Benign effect
Benign effect
An effect that is harmless or not significant; it does not cause any major changes or problems.
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Conducive
Conducive
Making something likely or possible to happen; creating a favorable environment or condition.
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Incentive
Incentive
A thing that motivates or encourages someone to do something; a reward or benefit.
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Compile
Compile
To gather and put together information from various sources to create a complete whole.
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Contradictory
Contradictory
Mutually opposed or inconsistent; ideas or information that clash with each other.
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Foster
Foster
To encourage or promote the development of something good or positive.
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Retention
Retention
The continued possession, use, or control of something, often in the context of keeping employees or information.
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To steer clear of
To steer clear of
To avoid someone or something; to stay away from.
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Solely
Solely
Not involving anyone or anything else; exclusively or only.
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Abundant
Abundant
Existing or available in large quantities; plentiful.
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Sustainability
Sustainability
The ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level; being environmentally responsible and capable of continuing over time.
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Assess
Assess
To evaluate or estimate the nature, ability, or quality of something; to make a judgment.
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What is an incentive and how is it used?
What is an incentive and how is it used?
An incentive is a thing that motivates or encourages someone to do something. It is often used in economics, business, and public policy to encourage desired actions.
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What is meant by a 'benign effect'?
What is meant by a 'benign effect'?
A benign effect is an impact that is harmless or not significant. It does not cause any major changes or problems.
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Target (verb)
Target (verb)
To aim efforts towards a specific goal or objective.
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Target (noun)
Target (noun)
A specific goal or objective that is sought after.
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Elicit
Elicit
To draw out a response, answer, or fact, often through questioning or discussion.
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Decipher
Decipher
To interpret or make sense of something difficult to understand.
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Fluctuate
Fluctuate
To change or vary irregularly, often in amount or level.
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Outline
Outline
To give a summary or brief overview of something.
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Promote
Promote
To support or actively encourage something.
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Habitat
Habitat
The natural environment in which an organism lives.
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Augment
Augment
To make something larger, greater, or more intense.
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Born and raised
Born and raised
To have lived and grown up in a specific place.
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Present perfect
Present perfect
A verb tense used to describe an action that started in the past and continues until now.
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Present perfect continuous
Present perfect continuous
A verb tense used for actions that started in the past and continue until now, emphasizing the ongoing nature.
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Article (a, an, the)
Article (a, an, the)
A word used before a noun to specify its definiteness or indefiniteness.
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Gerund Statement
Gerund Statement
A statement that uses the -ing form of a verb (gerund) as its subject.
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Verb + Gerund
Verb + Gerund
A combination of a verb expressing preference followed by a gerund.
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Put forth
Put forth
To present an idea, argument, or theory for consideration. It implies a discussion and evaluation of the proposed concept.
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Bring about
Bring about
To cause or initiate a change, result, or outcome.
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Draw on
Draw on
To use or refer to existing knowledge or sources to support an argument.
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Flesh out
Flesh out
To fully develop an idea by providing more information, details, or explanations.
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Bear on
Bear on
To be relevant or applicable to a situation or argument.
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Backup
Backup
To provide evidence, support, or validation for a claim or argument.
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Build on
Build on
To use previous research or findings as a foundation for new work.
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Touch on
Touch on
To briefly mention or discuss a topic.
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Dwell on
Dwell on
To focus on or emphasize a specific aspect of something in detail.
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Phrasal verb conjugation
Phrasal verb conjugation
In phrasal verbs, only the main verb is conjugated, not the preposition. The tense is determined by the context.
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Academic phrasal verbs
Academic phrasal verbs
Phrasal verbs commonly used in academic writing and research.
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Perfect phrasal verbs
Perfect phrasal verbs
Phrasal verbs denoting completion or thoroughness in a task.
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Quiz questions
Quiz questions
A set of questions designed to assess understanding of specific concepts.
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Phrasal verb section
Phrasal verb section
A part of a learning module dedicated to teaching and practicing phrasal verbs.
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Answering IELTS
Answering IELTS
Using appropriate language and phrasing when responding to questions in the International English Language Testing System.
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Carry out
Carry out
To perform or complete an action or a task.
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Toward (towards)
Toward (towards)
In the direction of; moving closer to.
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Exceed
Exceed
To go beyond a limit or a standard.
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Unassuming
Unassuming
Not attracting attention; unpretentious or modest.
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Neutrinos
Neutrinos
Small, electrically neutral particles with non-zero mass that can travel faster than the speed of light.
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Subatomic Particles
Subatomic Particles
Particles smaller than an atom, such as protons, neutrons, and electrons.
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Able to penetrate
Able to penetrate
Having the ability to pass through a substance or barrier.
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Modal verb
Modal verb
A helper verb that modifies the meaning of another verb, expressing possibility, ability, permission, or obligation.
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Base verb
Base verb
The most basic form of a verb, without any tense or conjugation.
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Science Fiction
Science Fiction
A genre of fiction that typically deals with imaginary scientific concepts and futuristic settings.
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Non-fiction
Non-fiction
Writing that deals with real people, events, and facts.
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Fiction
Fiction
Writing that deals with imaginary people, events, and settings.
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What is a 'main verb' in a sentence?
What is a 'main verb' in a sentence?
The main verb is the action word that describes what the subject is doing. It's the most important verb in a sentence.
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What's the difference between 'able to' and 'be able to'?
What's the difference between 'able to' and 'be able to'?
'Be able to' is the correct grammatical form. It includes the verb 'to be' before 'able to'.
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What does 'penetrate' mean?
What does 'penetrate' mean?
Penetrate means to go into something, often passing through a barrier.
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What does 'undetected' mean?
What does 'undetected' mean?
Undetected means not noticed or observed.
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What does a double dash indicate in a sentence?
What does a double dash indicate in a sentence?
A double dash marks off additional information that can be removed without affecting the grammar.
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What does 'hurtling' mean?
What does 'hurtling' mean?
Hurtling means moving very fast, often in a dangerous or uncontrolled way.
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What does 'promptly' mean?
What does 'promptly' mean?
Promptly means quickly and on time, without delay.
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What does 'trigger' mean?
What does 'trigger' mean?
Trigger means to cause something to start or happen.
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What does 'unthinkable' mean?
What does 'unthinkable' mean?
Unthinkable means so shocking or unlikely that it's hard to imagine.
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What is the difference between 'learnt' and 'learned'?
What is the difference between 'learnt' and 'learned'?
'Learnt' is the British English spelling, while 'learned' is the American English spelling.
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What is the 'past simple' of 'learn'?
What is the 'past simple' of 'learn'?
The past simple of 'learn' is 'learned' in American English and 'learnt' in British English.
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What is the difference between 'towards' and 'toward'?
What is the difference between 'towards' and 'toward'?
'Towards' is the more common spelling, while 'toward' is an alternative spelling.
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What does 'promptly' imply about the timing of an action?
What does 'promptly' imply about the timing of an action?
'Promptly' implies that the action happened without delay, right on time.
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What is the purpose of the double dash in the sentence?
What is the purpose of the double dash in the sentence?
The double dash is used to set apart additional information that can be removed without affecting the sentence's meaning.
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What does 'undetected' imply about visibility?
What does 'undetected' imply about visibility?
'Undetected' implies something is not noticeable or visible.
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Stem from
Stem from
To originate or come from a particular source or cause.
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Gerund
Gerund
The -ing form of a verb used as a noun.
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Reconsider
Reconsider
To think about something again, especially to change your opinion or decision.
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At stake
At stake
Something that is being considered or is at risk.
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Nanosecond
Nanosecond
One billionth of a second.
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Margin of error
Margin of error
The maximum amount of inaccuracy allowed in a measurement or calculation.
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Account for
Account for
To consider something or take it into account.
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Rule out
Rule out
To eliminate something as a possibility.
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Lunar
Lunar
Relating to the moon.
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Tidal Bulge
Tidal Bulge
A rise in the water level caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun.
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Nevertheless
Nevertheless
In spite of that; however.
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Skeptical
Skeptical
Doubtful; not easily convinced.
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Transition word
Transition word
A word or phrase that connects ideas and helps the reader understand the flow of the text.
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Pushed harder
Pushed harder
When a theory is rigorously tested by scientists to see if it can be disproven.
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Prior challenge
Prior challenge
A previous attempt to disprove a theory or idea.
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To no avail
To no avail
Not successful; without any positive result.
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Just around the corner
Just around the corner
Something that is about to happen soon.
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Wrenched closer
Wrenched closer
Moved something closer to being possible.
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Major physical hurdle
Major physical hurdle
A significant obstacle that prevents something from happening.
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Clear the hurdle
Clear the hurdle
To overcome or eliminate an obstacle.
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Harness something
Harness something
To use something effectively and successfully, typically for a specific purpose.
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Beyond the scope of
Beyond the scope of
Not included in; not a part of the current focus.
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Leave something to someone
Leave something to someone
To give the responsibility or task to another person.
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Time travel
Time travel
The idea of moving through time, either to the past or the future.
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Unthinkable
Unthinkable
Something that is so unbelievable it seems impossible.
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Connected Speech
Connected Speech
The way words blend together in natural speech, often causing changes in pronunciation.
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Contraction
Contraction
Combining two words into one, like 'it's' for 'it is'.
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Linking
Linking
Connecting the last sound of one word to the first sound of the next word, creating smoother pronunciation.
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What do ya?
What do ya?
A common reduction for 'What do you?'
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How do ya?
How do ya?
A casual reduction for 'How do you?'
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Whatcha?
Whatcha?
A reduction for 'What are you?'
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Gonna
Gonna
A reduction for 'going to'
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Gotta
Gotta
A reduction for 'got to'
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Gimme
Gimme
A reduction for 'give me'
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Don't know
Don't know
Reduced form of 'do not know'
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Wanna
Wanna
A reduction for 'want to'
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We'll
We'll
A contraction for 'we will'
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Faster than light
Faster than light
Traveling at a speed exceeding the speed of light, which is approximately 299,792,458 meters per second.
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Break it to someone
Break it to someone
To share negative news or information with someone, often in a delicate or sensitive manner.
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Cut it out
Cut it out
A phrase used to request someone stop an annoying, frustrating, or unwanted behavior.
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Kick it up a notch
Kick it up a notch
To encourage someone to perform better, work harder, or increase effort.
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Get to someone
Get to someone
To cause someone to become angry, annoyed, irritated, or frustrated by their behavior.
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Didja
Didja
A shortened and casual pronunciation of "Did you", often used in informal speech.
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Ya
Ya
A contracted pronunciation of "You", often used in informal speech, especially in combinations like 'Would ya'.
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Let em
Let em
A casual pronunciation of "Let them", often used in informal speech.
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Pronunciation changes
Pronunciation changes
The variations in how words are pronounced in spoken language, often influenced by informality, regional accents, or speech speed.
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Natural pace
Natural pace
The natural rhythm and speed of everyday conversation, which often leads to contractions and elisions.
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Expression
Expression
A common phrase or idiom that is used figuratively, carrying a specific meaning beyond the literal words.
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Lunar effects
Lunar effects
The influence of the Moon's gravity on the Earth, including tides and gravitational pull.
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Gregarious
Gregarious
Sociable and enjoying the company of others.
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Follow up
Follow up
To continue a previous conversation or discussion.
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Grasp
Grasp
To understand something.
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Consolidate
Consolidate
To combine or merge two or more things into one.
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Subsequent
Subsequent
Happening or coming after something else.
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Under pressure
Under pressure
Experiencing stress or overwhelming demands.
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Obstacle
Obstacle
Something that blocks or hinders progress.
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Pertinent
Pertinent
Relevant or related to the topic at hand.
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Delegate
Delegate
To give someone else responsibility for a task.
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Heavy workload
Heavy workload
Having a lot of work to do.
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Ascertain
Ascertain
To discover or find out something.
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Procrastinate
Procrastinate
To delay doing something, especially out of laziness or fear.
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Merch
Merch
Short for merchandise, meaning products for sale.
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You got to
You got to
This is a reduction form of 'You have to'. It's used frequently in spoken English, especially in informal situations.
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Idiom
Idiom
A phrase whose meaning is not literal, but rather figurative or metaphorical.
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Phrasal verb
Phrasal verb
A verb followed by a preposition, often with an idiomatic meaning that differs from the literal meaning of the words.
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Get out of here
Get out of here
An expression with two meanings: 1) telling someone to leave, or 2) expressing surprise or disbelief.
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Give me a break
Give me a break
An expression meaning 'Stop bothering me' or 'That's unbelievable'.
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Finely Fluent Academy
Finely Fluent Academy
A premium training program for improving English listening skills, expression, and grammar, featuring native English speakers and a personal coach.
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Subject pronoun contractions
Subject pronoun contractions
Shortened forms combining subject pronouns (I, you, he, she, it, we, they) with the auxiliary verb 'will' (I'll, you'll, he'll, etc.).
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Oughta
Oughta
A common reduction of 'ought to,' used to express necessity or obligation in spoken English.
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'Call her' Reduction
'Call her' Reduction
In spoken English, 'call her' often reduces to 'collar' due to dropping the 'h' sound and combining the words.
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She'd bail
She'd bail
A contraction of 'she would bail,' meaning to break or cancel a plan or arrangement.
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An inkling
An inkling
A slight suggestion, hint or indication that something might happen or is true. It implies a vague or subtle feeling.
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Appease
Appease
To make someone calm, satisfied, or less angry by giving them what they want, often to prevent further disagreement.
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Diligent
Diligent
Showing care, effort, and attention to detail in work or tasks. Someone diligent is reliable and committed.
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Confusing English words
Confusing English words
Words that are similar in meaning or sound but have different usage or grammatical rules.
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Quiz
Quiz
A short test or assessment to measure understanding of a topic.
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3 Seconds
3 Seconds
A time limit for completing a task or answering a question.
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Complete the Sentence
Complete the Sentence
A task where you need to fill in the missing word or phrase in a given sentence.
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Option A or B
Option A or B
A format where you need to choose between two possible answers.
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Contrasting statement
Contrasting statement
A statement that presents an opposing idea or argument, highlighting differences.
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Opinion word
Opinion word
Words used to express a personal belief or perspective. They signal that what follows is your own view.
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To work around the clock
To work around the clock
To work continuously without interruption.
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Integral to
Integral to
Essential, important, or necessary for something to function or exist.
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Take after
Take after
To resemble someone physically or in personality.
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Close knit
Close knit
Describing a group of people, especially a family, who have a strong bond and are very close.
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To revel in
To revel in
To enjoy something fully and intensely.
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I'd love the opportunity to...
I'd love the opportunity to...
A polite way of expressing a desire or a strong preference.
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Second conditional
Second conditional
A grammatical structure used to describe hypothetical situations in the present or future.
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Gerund statement with a noun
Gerund statement with a noun
A statement that uses the -ing form of a verb as the subject but starts with a noun.
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English Vocabulary for Exams (IELTS/TOEFL)
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Feasible: Possible to do easily or conveniently, often used in writing when discussing the practicality of proposals or solutions. For example, switching to renewable energy on a large scale may not be feasible in certain regions due to geographic limitations.
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Proponent: A person who advocates for a theory, proposal, or course of action. Commonly appears in discussions about policy debates and research. Example: Proponents of renewable energy argue that it provides a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels.
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Deploy: To move into position for action or to utilize something strategically. Frequently used in writing to describe the implementation of resources, such as in government contexts. Example: The government deployed emergency teams to help with hurricane aftermath.
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Notable: Worthy of attention or notice, could also be remarkable, often found in writing to highlight significant differences or achievements. Example: A notable difference between rural and urban lifestyles is the level of access to healthcare facilities.
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Detrimental: Causing harm or tending to cause harm. Used in writing to discuss negative impacts or consequences of policies and actions. Example: Excessive screen time can have a detrimental effect on mental health.
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Mitigate: To make less severe, serious, or painful. Useful in writing and speaking to discuss ways to reduce negative impacts, especially in environmental contexts. Example: Countries are investing in renewable energy to mitigate the effects of climate change.
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Discrepancy: A lack of compatibility or similarity between two or more facts. Used in writing when analyzing data or discussing research findings. Example: A noticeable discrepancy exists between the reported income levels of urban and rural populations.
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Resilient: Able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult conditions. Useful when discussing communities or individuals facing challenges, very common in the IELTS. Example: Communities affected by natural disasters have proven to be remarkably resilient.
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Alleviate: To make suffering or deficiency or a problem less severe. Commonly used in writing and speaking to discuss solutions to societal issues. Example: Local governments are implementing policies to alleviate housing shortages.
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Vulnerable: Susceptible to physical or emotional harm. Often used in discussions about social issues, health, and environmental concerns. Example: Older populations are more vulnerable to health issues.
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Paradigm: A typical example or pattern of something, a model. Frequently found in writing to discuss shifts in thinking or approaches. Example: The adoption of digital technology in classrooms represents a significant paradigm shift.
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Viable: Capable of working successfully, also may be described as feasible. Used in discussions about sustainability and practical solutions. Example: Solar power is becoming a viable alternative to traditional energy sources in many sunny regions.
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Benign: Having no significant harm or adverse effect. Used in discussions about impacts and effects to describe something not having a negative impact. Example: The new construction project is expected to have a benign effect on local wildlife.
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Conducive: Making a certain situation or outcome likely or possible. Commonly used in discussions about environments that encourage certain behaviors or outcomes. Example: A clutter-free space is conducive to better concentration and learning.
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Incentive: A thing that motivates or encourages someone to do something, often used in discussions about economics, business, and public policy. Example: The government introduced financial incentives for companies investing in clean energy.
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Compile: To produce by assembling information from other sources. Used in academic writing and research. Example: Researchers compiled data from numerous sources.
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Contradictory: Mutually opposed or inconsistent. Used in writing when discussing conflicting ideas or conflicting data. Example: The study presents contradictory findings regarding benefits and risks.
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Foster: To encourage or promote the development of something positive. Commonly used in discussions about education and social policies. Example: Educational institutions should foster creativity and critical thinking in their students.
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Retention: The continued possession, use, or control of something. Often used in writing when discussing education and employment practices. Example: Employee retention is a priority, as high turnover can disrupt team dynamics.
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Depict: To represent by a drawing, painting, or other art form. Example: Paintings depict scenes of everyday life.
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To steer clear of: To avoid someone or something, used in speaking to give advice or recommendations. Example: Health professionals advise patients to steer clear of processed foods.
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Solely: Not involving anyone or anything else, useful in writing to clarify specific points or responsibilities. Example: The success of the project does not solely depend on funding.
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Abundant: Existing or available in large quantities, plentiful. Commonly used in discussions about resources and environments. Example: The country is known for its abundant natural resources.
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Sustainability: The ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level. Frequently appears in discussions about environmental issues and development. Example: Investing in renewable resources is critical for the sustainability of our environment.
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Assess: To evaluate or estimate the nature, ability, or quality of something. Example: Teachers assess students' understanding using tests.
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Target: An objective or result that efforts are directed toward. Example: The initiative targets a 25% reduction in carbon emissions.
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Elicit: To get a response, answer or fact from someone, often through questioning or discussion. Example: The questions were designed to elicit authentic responses.
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Decipher: To interpret or make sense of something difficult to understand, a synonym of decode. Example: Scholars spent decades attempting to decipher ancient scripts.
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Fluctuate: To change or vary irregularly, often in amount or level. Example: The stock market fluctuates dramatically in response to world events.
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Outline: To give a summary of something and is used in writing to present main ideas clearly. Example: The professor outlined the lecture's main points at the beginning.
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Promote: To support or actively encourage something. Example: Government campaigns promote healthier lifestyles to reduce healthcare costs.
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Habitat: The natural environment in which an organism lives. Example: Protecting forests is essential for preserving habitats of numerous species.
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Augment: To make something larger, greater, or more intense. Example: The government allocated additional funds to augment public health services.
Phrases for IELTS
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Born and raised: Used to describe birthplace and early life in a more advanced way.
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I was born and raised in Winnipeg, but now I live in Ottawa. Using present perfect, I've lived here for over 10 years now.
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An engineer: Adding an adjective or a clause. Being an engineer is rewarding. Using analytical skills to solve complex problems.
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My family and I are very close: Saying every one in my family gets Along really well.
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Take after: Resembling a parent physically or in personality.
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Travel to: Describing travel destinations.
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Visit: Visiting locations, using the the present perfect. Traveling in Egypt has been at the top of my list for as long as I can remember.
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Clarifying phrases: Expressing different ways of saying the same thing (what I'm trying to say is...) Useful for when your words are not flowing smoothly
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Phrasal verbs (Academic): Examples: "put forth," "bring about," "draw on," "flesh out," "bear on," "back up," "build on," "carry out," "touch on," "dwell on."
Phrasal Verbs Continued
- Understanding meaning is key
- Example: "to flesh out" means to fully develop or clarify an idea.
- Example: "to put forth" means to present or propose an idea.
English Time Travel Article
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Neutrinos can exceed light speed
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Unassuming particles are not noticed
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Neutrinos can penetrate the human form undetected
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Neutrinos traveled promptly, and that triggered rethink. Of time travel ideas. and caused reconsideration of previously held beliefs
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Time to consider time travel ideas again
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Neutrinos have potentially disproved some physics theory
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Event occurred in a tiny fraction of time. 60 nanoseconds
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Speed of neutrinos allows possible travel back time
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Concepts are now discussed possibility of time travel
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Responsibility for learning from this rests on future generation
Natural Expressions (Pronunciations)
- Reductions: Combining multiple words into single pronouncements (didja, oughta)
- Linking: Connecting words to sound more natural (e.g., make it, walk alone)
- Contractions: Combining words and making a shorter form. (It's, She's, You're)
- Idioms and expressions: Using common sayings that don't have a literal meaning (e.g., "get out of here").
Confusing English Words
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Appease: To satisfy someone/ something (e.g., appease the client)
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Diligent: Careful, attentive to detail (e.g., a diligent employee)
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Inept: not skilled or effective
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Gregarious: Sociable, enjoying the company of others
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Follow up: To continue previously started conversation
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Grasp: To understand (e.g., the concept of time travel)
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Subsequent: Following after something else
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Consolidate: To combine several things into one (Firm A and Firm B into one firm)
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Under pressure feeling overwhelmed with tasks.
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Obstacles: Blocks to progress.
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Pertinent: Relevant to the topic.
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Delegate: Give responsibility for tasks to others.
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Heavy workload: A busy schedule, excessive task.
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Ascertain: To find out or discover something (e.g, ascertain the cause of the explosion).
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Procrastinate: Delaying tasks often the task may be unpleasant.
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