Vocabulary for IELTS, TOEFL, and PTE Exams

Vocabulary for IELTS, TOEFL, and PTE Exams

• Redundancy: A situation where a worker is no longer needed, often seen in industries like mining.
• Simulation: Imitation of a situation; a popular example is a simulation video game.
• Cutting-edge: Highly advanced technology; beyond the capabilities of previous generations.
• Legendary: Remarkable, famous; often refers to historical figures or events.
• Amateur: Taking part in an activity for pleasure; contrasted with professional.
• Agenda: A list of matters to be discussed at a meeting.
• Subsidy: A grant of financial assistance, often to homeowners or tenants.
• Abandon: To give up control or responsibility.
• Triumph: A great victory or achievement.
• Vice versa: In reverse order; the opposite of the previous statement.
• Primitive: Relating to the earliest age; unsophisticated conditions.
• Wit: Brainpower or ability to think cleverly; mental ability.
• Abnormal: Deviating from the normal; unusual or irregular.
• Accumulate: To collect or increase something gradually; build up.
• Tendency: An inclination to do something; a natural inclination.
• Accusation: A charge of wrongdoing; an allegation.
• Affluent: Having an abundance of goods; wealthy.
• Bankrupt: A person judged by a court to be insolvent (unable to pay debts).
• Contradict: To say the opposite; to be in opposition.
• Phenomenon: An extraordinary occurrence or circumstance; a remarkable event.
• Overwhelm: To have a strong emotional effect on someone.
• Cosmopolitan: Having wide international sophistication; worldly.
• Customary: According to the customs; a usual practice.
• Abortion: To stop an activity before it begins, or in a medical context.
• Downside: The negative aspect of something.
• Equation: A mathematical statement; an expression equating two values.
• Extinction: Something no longer exists; ceasing to exist.
• Emerge: Become apparent or prominent; come into view.
• Inspection: Careful examination; a review of something.
• Exaggerate: To make something seem larger than it is.
• Industrialization: The development of industries in a country.
• Mechanism: A way of doing something; a method or process.
• Migration: Seasonal movement; usually applied to animal or bird movement.
• Conquer: Successfully overcome; defeat.
• Obsolete: No longer used or needed; outdated.
• Prolong: To make something last a longer time; to extend the duration.
• Sustainable: Able to continue over a period of time; capable of being sustained or maintained.
• Allowance: Money given regularly, often to children.
• Ally: To form a relationship; to join forces.
• Counterpart: One remarkably similar to another; a corresponding person or thing.
• Analytical: Relating to logical reasoning; involving analysis.
• Erosion: The gradual reduction or wearing away.
• Appetite: A strong desire for something; a craving.
• Bilingual: Able to use two languages equally well.
• Auction: A sale of property to the highest bidder.
• Bid: To make a statement during an auction to offer a certain price.
• Campaign: To organize a series of activities with a particular goal.
• Predator: An animal that eats other animals, a hunter.
• Collaboration: To work together; cooperation.
• Nonetheless: In spite of that; nevertheless.
• Confidential: Secret or private; meant for specific use only.
• Conservative: Not usually liking change; traditional.
• Bulk: Something very large; a large quantity.
• Consumption: The action of eating or drinking something.
• Discriminate: To make an unjust distinction; to treat unfairly.
• Convention: A way of doing something in a particular culture; a custom.
• Accelerate: To make something go faster; to increase the speed.
• Convey: To express a thought or idea, to communicate a message.
• Criterion: A standard by which you judge something; a measure of evaluation.
• Deficiency: A failing or shortcoming; a lack of something.
• Stamina: Physical and mental strength.
• Deteriorate: To become progressively worse; to decline in quality.
• Archeology: The scientific study of historic or prehistoric peoples.
• Dissertation: A long essay on a particular subject.
• Bully: To hurt or frighten someone; to intimidate.
• Diversity: A range of different things.
• Eliminate: To completely remove; to get rid of.
• Alarming: A warning of danger; frightening.
• Envisage: To imagine a desirable future event; to picture.
• Domain: An area of territory; a field of knowledge or activity.
• Exposure: The direction in which something faces; exposure to something.
• Gadget: A small device or machine, often technological.
• Hospitality: Kindness and friendly behavior.
• Inadequate: Too small in amount, or not enough, lacking.
• Luxury: A state of great comfort and elegance.
• Inappropriate: Not suitable; not correct for the situation.
• Administration: A governmental agency or board.
• Innocence: Someone is not guilty of a crime.
• Simultaneous: At the same time; happening concurrently.
• Insight: An accurate and deep understanding.
• Ethnic: Relating to race.
• Interference: An act or instance of interfering.
• Isolation: The complete separation from others.
• Juvenile: Relating to young people.
• Layout: The way that something is arranged.
• Minority: A smaller different group within a larger group.
• Negotiate: To have formal discussions with someone to reach an agreement.
• Linguistic: Relating to language; concerning language.
• Notorious: Famous for something bad; well-known in a negative sense.
• Obesity: Excessive accumulation of body fat.
• Outnumber: To exceed in number; to have more than.
• Liability: Being responsible for something; obligation.
• Outweigh: To exceed in value; to be more important than.
• Subsequently: After something else happened; later on.
• Monotonous: Dull and tedious; repeated and uninteresting.
• Perspective: A particular way of considering something; a point of view.
• Time-consuming: Taking too much time; protracted.
• Preservation: To protect something valuable.
• Privilege: An extra advantage; special permission.
• Radical: Far beyond the norm; extreme.
• Rebellion: A violent organized action against authority.
• Reluctant: Not wanting to do something; hesitant.
• Renovation: The actor process of repairing or renewing.
• Reproduction: The production of offspring; duplication.
• Setback: Problem that delays and stops progress; a setback.
• Spokesperson: An informal representative; a person representing someone or something.
• Accomplish: To finish something successfully; achieve a goal.
• Strategic: Carefully planned to achieve a particular goal; calculated.
• Supervision: Supervising someone or something; oversight.
• Throughout: In every part of a place; entirely.
• Widespread: Widely diffused or prevalent; common.
• Proportion: Comparative relation between things; the relative sizes or amounts of parts.

Subheading: Examples of Context

• Redundancy: "There have been a lot of redundancies in the mining industry."
• Cutting-edge: "Our previous generation could not enjoy cutting-edge technology."
• Legendary: "She became editor of the legendary Irish journal."
• Subsidy: "The rest of the money could be spent on subsidies for homeowners and tenants."
• Abandon: "The match was abandoned because of rain."
• Triumph: "It was the Republican party's third election Triumph in a row."
• Primitive: "The conditions at the campsite were rather primitive."