ICT Development: Integrated Circuit Technology
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Questions and Answers

What is the main characteristic of the integrated circuit technology?

  • A type of computer model introduced by Apple
  • A type of software developed for IBM computers
  • A complete electronic circuit on a small chip of silicone (correct)
  • A device that replaces the Magnetic Core Memory

    • What was the basis for the development of 1K bit RAM?

  • The invention of the microprocessor
  • The introduction of the first 256 bit RAM (correct)
  • The creation of the first Apple computer
  • The development of silicone chips

    • What is a microprocessor?

  • A type of computer model
  • A type of software developed for IBM computers
  • A specialized chip for computer memory and logic (correct)
  • A device that replaces the Magnetic Core Memory

    • What was the significance of the fourth generation of computers?

    <p>The growth of the computer industry and the development of new technologies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was introduced in 1971?

    <p>The first microprocessor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of silicone chips?

    <p>They are reliable, compact, and cheaper</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the result of the development of silicone chips?

    <p>The creation of the software industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the fourth generation of computers?

    <p>The introduction of family of computers that can be upgraded and expanded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of fifth generation computers?

    <p>They are technologically advanced and still being developed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of computer mentioned in the new era of computers?

    <p>Laptop Computers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of computers compared to ENIAC?

    <p>They are smaller and more portable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a modern computer device mentioned in the fifth generation of computers?

    <p>Silicone chips</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an expert system mentioned in the new era of computers?

    <p>Speech-recognition system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary impact of the advancement of computers on the software industry?

    <p>It has boomed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary problem faced by computers during the first generation era?

    <p>They generated a great deal of heat causing temperature regulation and climate control issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What invention led to the production of second generation computers?

    <p>Transistor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the advantage of transistors compared to vacuum tubes?

    <p>They were smaller, needed no warm-up time, consumed less energy, and generated much less heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When was the magnetic tape introduced?

    <p>1957</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the IBM 370 series introduced in 1964?

    <p>It was used for business and scientific programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When was the silicone chip manufactured?

    <p>1961</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Integrated Circuit (IC)?

    <p>It marked the beginning of the third generation computers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary advantage of magnetic tape over punched cards?

    <p>It was faster and more compact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the invention of the telephone and fax machines?

    <p>To extend communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following technologies was not mentioned as a tool for broadcasting information?

    <p>Telephone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was the first printing machine created?

    <p>1454</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who invented paper in ancient China?

    <p>Tsai Lun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the first Internet known as?

    <p>ARPANET</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was the telegraph line invented?

    <p>1793</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the communication satellite introduced in 1963?

    <p>To extend communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the inventions of counting machines used for before the computer was invented?

    <p>Early years of computing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Information and Communication Technology (ICT)?

    <p>To facilitate information processing and transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of communication?

    <p>To exchange information between individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of technology in communication?

    <p>To facilitate the exchange of information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of information?

    <p>The knowledge obtained from reading, investigation, study or research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of information in our daily lives?

    <p>It helps us to make decisions and predict the future</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between communication and technology?

    <p>Technology enhances communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of forecasting in the stock exchange market?

    <p>It helps investors to make informed decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of technology?

    <p>The use of scientific knowledge to create processes and products that fulfill human needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Integrated Circuit Technology (ICT)

    • A complete electronic circuit on a small chip of silicone, also known as a semiconductor.
    • Replaced Magnetic Core Memory with a microchip, introducing the first 256-bit RAM and laying the foundation for 1K bit RAM.

    Fourth Generation (1971-Present)

    • Developed technologies of computer inventions, including:
      • Apple Macintosh
      • IBM
      • DELL
      • ACER
    • In 1971, Intel created the first microprocessor.
    • In 1976, Steve Jobs built the first Apple computer.
    • In 1981, IBM introduced its first personal computer.
    • Hardware technology advancements, including:
      • Silicone chips
      • Microprocessor
      • Storage devices
    • Microprocessor is a large-scale integrated circuit containing thousands of transistors, capable of performing all functions of a computer's central processing unit.
    • Advantages:
      • 100 times smaller than ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)
      • Gain in speed, reliability, and storage capacity
      • Personal and software industry boomed

    Fifth Generation (Present & Beyond)

    • The fifth generation computers are technologically advanced and still being developed to become more efficient.
    • New hardware technology inventions, including:
      • Silicone chips
      • Processor
      • Robotics
      • Virtual reality
      • Intelligent systems
      • Language translation programs

    New Era Computer

    • After the fifth generation, computer technology has become more advanced, modern, and sophisticated.
    • Latest inventions include:
      • Super Computers
      • Mainframe Computers
      • Mini Computers
      • Personal Computers
      • Mobile Computers
    • Expert systems, such as:
      • Teleconferencing
      • Speech-recognition system

    ICT and Society

    • Information refers to the knowledge obtained from reading, investigation, study, or research.
    • ICT is the technology required for information processing, including:
      • Electronic computers
      • Communication devices
      • Software applications
    • Communication is an act of transmitting messages, and it is a process where information is exchanged between individuals using symbols, signs, or verbal interactions.

    Technology Timeline

    • 3500 BC: Sumerians developed cuneiform writing.
    • 1500 BC: Phoenicians developed the alphabet.
    • 105 BC: Tsai Lun of China invented paper.
    • 1454: The first printing began with the creation of a printing machine.
    • 1793: The telegraph line was invented.
    • 1876: The first telephone was introduced.
    • 1925: Television was made known to the public.
    • 1941: The computer was created.
    • 1958: The photocopier machine was introduced.
    • 1963: The communication satellite was introduced.
    • 1969: The first Internet, ARPANET, was introduced.

    Evolution of Computers

    • Before the computer was invented, several counting machines were used, including punched cards and magnetic tape.
    • Second generation:
      • The vacuum tubes generated a great deal of heat, causing problems in temperature regulation and climate control.
      • The tubes also burnt out frequently.
      • People operating the computer did not know that the problem was in the programming machine.
      • The second generation computer scientists invented something new due to lots of problems created by vacuum tubes.
    • Transistor:
      • Small devices used to transfer electronic signals across a resistor.
      • Advantages:
        • Smaller than vacuum tubes
        • No warm-up time needed
        • Consumed less energy
        • Generated much less heat
        • Faster and more reliable

    Third Generation (1964-1971)

    • In the third generation era, the IBM 370 series were introduced in 1964.
    • It came in several models and sizes.
    • It was used for business and scientific programs.
    • Other computer models introduced during this era:
      • CDC 7600
      • B2500
    • The development of integrated circuit (IC) signaled the beginning of the third generation computers.
    • Silicone chips were manufactured in 1961 at the Silicone Valley.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the evolution of computer technology, including the introduction of integrated circuits, microchips, and advances in RAM.

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