ICSE Class 10 Geography: Transport in India
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the MOST significant economic benefit of the Golden Quadrilateral Project?

  • Connecting major cities and ports, boosting truck transport and industrial growth. (correct)
  • Reducing air pollution in major metropolitan areas.
  • Beautifying the Indian landscape with well-maintained highways.
  • Providing employment opportunities for highway construction workers.

The North-South Corridor connects _________ in Jammu and Kashmir with _________ in Tamil Nadu.

Srinagar

Airways are generally more suitable for transporting bulky goods over long distances compared to railways.

False (B)

Which of the following is NOT a typical advantage of roadways over other means of transport?

<p>Facilitating easier movement of bulky goods. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two advantages of roadways over railways.

<p>Roadways are ideal for short distances and provide door-to-door services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Due to lower capacity and higher costs, railways are preferred over airways for transporting goods as well as passengers.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following infrastructural developments with their primary impact:

<p>Golden Quadrilateral Project = Connects major cities and ports, boosting truck transport and industrial growth. North-South Corridor = Connects Srinagar in Jammu and Kashmir with Kanyakumari in Tamil Nadu Roadways = Ideal for short distances and provides door-to-door services. Railways = Facilitates easier movement of bulky goods, helped transfer new ideas/innovations to rural areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

Road transport is considered more useful than rail transport because it is more suitable for _______ distance travel and provides _______ to _______ services.

<p>short</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of India's foreign trade by volume is handled by oceanic routes?

<p>95% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) is responsible for regulating and developing inland roadways.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one advantage of inland waterways transport.

<p>Cheapest means of transport for heavy goods and passengers</p> Signup and view all the answers

The North-South corridor expressway links Srinagar and ________.

<p>Kanyakumari</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the railway gauge types with their corresponding track widths:

<p>Broad Gauge = 1.676 meters Metre Gauge = 1 meter Narrow Gauge = 0.762 or 0.610 meters</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the Indian Railways?

<p>Connecting remote villages without road access (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Road transport is generally more susceptible to pilferage compared to railway transport.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one major port in India that is not located directly on the sea coast.

<p>Haldia</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Golden Quadrilateral connects Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and ________.

<p>Chennai</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors contributes to the preference for road transport in the northern plains of India?

<p>Flat topography (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Air transport is the most economical mode of transport for long-distance travel.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of rural roads in India?

<p>Connecting agricultural production centers to markets</p> Signup and view all the answers

National Highways are constructed and maintained by the ________ Government.

<p>Central</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cities does NOT have a Metro rail network?

<p>Chennai (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximately what percentage of India's total road length is comprised of rural roads?

<p>80 percent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does EMU stand for in the context of transportation?

<p>Electric Multiple Unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one port on the east coast of India that is prone to cyclones.

<p>Vishakhapatnam</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are the two major projects undertaken by the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI)?

<p>The Golden Quadrilateral and the North-South and East-West Corridors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Waterways are navigable regardless of depth and presence of obstructions like waterfalls.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

_______ is the name of the national airlines of India.

<p>Air India</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a listed reason why peninsular rivers are not ideal for navigation?

<p>They are longer than the rivers of North India. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The River Ganga is navigable from its mouth up to Allahabad due to what reason?

<p>The slope of Ganga is gradual. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary disadvantage of helicopter services like those provided by Pawan Hans Helicopters Ltd. (PHHL)?

<p>Expensive and unaffordable for the common man. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name three notable features of the Yamuna Expressway.

<p>Six-lane infrastructure, reduced travel time between Delhi and Agra, CCTV cameras installed at every 5 km</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the modes of transportation with their respective advantages:

<p>Railways = Suitable for long-distance travel and large volumes of passengers and freight Roadways = Provide door-to-door service and are adaptable to varying terrains Airways = Fastest mode of transport, ideal for long distances and perishable goods Waterways = Cheapest means of transport, suitable for heavy and bulky materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics distinctly differentiates an expressway from a highway?

<p>Absence of speed breakers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the first expressway built in India?

<p>Ahmedabad-Vadodara Expressway</p> Signup and view all the answers

Road transport is less favoured in the northern plains of India due to the high cost of constructing rail tracks.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Golden Quadrilateral connects India's four major metropolitan cities: Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and ________.

<p>Chennai</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor primarily contributes to the suitability of northern rivers for navigation, compared to Deccan rivers?

<p>Flow over flat terrain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Inland waterways are gaining importance due to their speed advantage over other modes of transport.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Despite its disadvantages, what is a key reason air transport remains a popular means of transportation in India?

<p>Ability to reach remote and inaccessible areas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following transport disadvantages with their corresponding mode of transport:

<p>Air Transport = Expensive and weather-dependent Inland Waterways = Slow and restricted access Railways = Passenger travelling without tickets, accidents and old tracks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are peninsular rivers not ideal for navigation?

<p>They are rain-fed and have waterfalls. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name a major port in India that is not located directly on the sea coast, but rather inland along a river.

<p>Haldia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Air transport is primarily advantageous due to its low cost and suitability for transporting heavy goods.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The road from Peshawar to Kolkata was historically known as the ________.

<p>Grand Trunk (GT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where was the first railway line in India constructed?

<p>Mumbai to Thane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical application of helicopter services in India?

<p>Services in hilly regions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are National Highways, and what is their primary importance?

<p>National Highways are main roads constructed and maintained by the Central Government, connecting major ports, state capitals, industrial and tourist centers for inter-state transport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Golden Quadrilateral Project

A major road project in India connecting key cities and ports.

Economic benefits of Golden Quadrilateral

Connects cities, boosts truck transport, and industrial growth.

North-South Corridor

Expressway connecting Srinagar and Kanyakumari.

Importance of Roadways in India

Ideal for short distances and provides door-to-door service.

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Railways vs Airways

Railways carry more people and goods than airways.

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Advantages of Railways

Cheaper, handles bulky goods, comfortable for families.

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Reasons for road transport preference

More suitable for short trips and delivers to doorsteps.

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Transport of perishable goods

Road transport is ideal for fast delivery of perishable items.

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Expressway vs Highway

Expressways have no traffic lights while highways do.

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First Expressway in India

The first expressway constructed in India is the Ahmedabad-Vadodara Expressway.

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Advantages of Road Transport

Road transport is favoured in northern plains due to flat land and low construction costs.

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Rail Transport Limitations

Rail transport is limited by geography and short-distance economics.

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Comfort of Rail Transport

Rail transport is popular due to its cost-effectiveness and ability to reach inaccessible areas.

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Problems Faced by Railways

Common issues include ticketless travel, accidents, and old tracks needing replacement.

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Golden Quadrilateral

It's India’s largest express highway project connecting Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai.

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Northern Rivers for Navigation

Northern rivers are better for navigation due to flat terrain and consistent water flow.

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Decline of Inland Waterways

Inland waterways are declining due to slow transport speed and limited area.

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Benefits of Air Transport

Air transport is the fastest and reaches remote areas, making it popular despite costs.

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Helicopter Services Use

Helicopters are used in hilly regions and remote islands for access.

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Waterways Advantages & Disadvantages

Waterways are cost-effective but can be slow and affected by weather.

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Peninsular Rivers Navigation Issues

Peninsular rivers are often not ideal for navigation due to being seasonal and shorter.

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National Highways Importance

National Highways are main roads maintained by the central government linking major areas.

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Grand Trunk Road

The first road from Peshawar to Kolkata is known as the Grand Trunk (GT) Road.

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Rural Roads in India

Make up about 80% of India's total road length.

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Electric Multiple Unit (EMU)

Suburban trains used for handling commuter traffic.

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Navigable Waterways

Must be deep enough and free of barriers for safe navigation.

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Peninsular Rivers

Seasonal and shorter rivers, not ideal for navigation.

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Ganga River Navigation

Navigable from its mouth to Allahabad due to ample water and gentle slope.

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Yamuna Expressway

A six-lane, 165 km expressway connecting Greater Noida to Agra.

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Water Transport Advantages

Cheapest method for transporting heavy and bulky materials.

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Chief Transportation Means in India

Railways, roadways, airways, and waterways.

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NHAI

Responsible for the development and management of National Highways in India.

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Inland Waterways in India

India has an extensive network of 14,500 km of navigable inland waterways, including rivers and canals.

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Freight Transport by Waterways

Only 0.15% of cargo in India is transported through inland waterways, much less than in Germany (20%) and Bangladesh (32%).

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Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI)

The IWAI is responsible for the construction and regulation of India's waterways.

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Oceanic Waterways

Ocean routes handle 95% of India's foreign trade by volume and 70% by value.

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Indian Railways Cargo

Indian Railways transports a variety of goods, including minerals and agricultural produce.

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Railway Track Classification

Indian Railways is classified into Broad Gauge (1.676m), Metre Gauge (1m), and Narrow Gauge (0.762m & 0.610m).

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Advantage of Inland Waterways

Inland waterways are the cheapest means for transporting heavy goods.

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Disadvantage of Inland Waterways

Limited use due to dependence on the availability of rivers and canals.

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Role of Rural Roads

Rural roads connect agricultural and small-scale industry products to markets.

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National Highways

Main roads constructed and maintained by the Central Government connecting key destinations.

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Metro Rail Networks

Cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Bengaluru have developed metro rail networks.

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Advantages of Air Transport

Fastest and most comfortable mode of transport, connecting remote areas.

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Disadvantages of Air Transport

Air transport is the most costly method of transporting goods and people.

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Importance of Road Transport

Road transport has a lower construction cost and offers door-to-door service.

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Study Notes

Transport in India - ICSE Class 10 Geography

  • Golden Quadrilateral (GQ) Project: Largest express highway project connecting Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Chennai.

    • Economic benefits include connecting major cities and ports, boosting truck transport, stimulating small town industries, and facilitating agricultural produce transport.

  • Expressways and Highways:

    • Expressways lack traffic lights, have no speed breakers, and generally are for faster travel. Two-wheelers and three-wheelers aren't allowed on expressways.
    • Ahmedābād-Vadodāra Expressway is one example of the first expressway.
    • The North-South Corridor connects Srinagar to Kanyakumari.

  • Importance of Roadways in India:

    • Ideal for short distances, reaching every village.
    • Transports people and goods quickly and efficiently.
    • Provides door-to-door service.
    • Suitable for perishable goods.
    • Lower transport cost from station.
    • Suitable for flat terrain and densely populated areas, like the northern plains of India.
    • Easier and cheaper to build than railways in some areas.

  • Railway Transport in India:

    • Railways carry more tonnage and passengers than airways.
    • Carry bulky goods easily.
    • More comfortable, especially for elders and infants.
    • Relatively inexpensive.
    • Contributes to economic growth and urbanization.
    • Difficulty traversing hilly/densely forested areas.
    • Uneconomical for short distances with small traffic volumes.
    • Problems faced include: ticketless travel, accidents, and track replacement.
    • Classified by track width into broad gauge, meter gauge, and narrow gauge.

  • Waterways:

    • Navigability: North Indian rivers (e.g., Ganga) are more navigable than Deccan rivers due to flatter terrain, perennial flow, and fewer cataracts/rapids.
    • Decline in Importance: Slower than road, rail, or air travel; limited access areas; and weather dependence restrict their utility.
    • Advantages: Cheapest for heavy/bulky goods, fuel-efficient, environmentally friendly.
    • Disadvantages: Weather dependent; slow; restricted routes; sea sickness.
    • Inland Waterways: (NW-2, Brahmaputra) – connect regions like North East with Kolkata and Haldia, and transport agricultural produce and industrial goods in an organised manner.
    • Oceanic Role: 95% and 70% volumes and value of India's foreign trade by volume and value respectively, use shipping for international & inter-island connections.

  • Air Transport:

    • Advantages: Fastest and most comfortable mode, reachable remote areas.
    • Disadvantages: Costly, limited city coverage, depends on weather.

  • Helicopter Services: Suitable for hilly regions, islands, forested areas, and remote locations.

  • National Highways: Main roads maintained by the Central Government, connecting major cities, ports, state capitals, and industrial centres to facilitate inter-state transport.

  • Other Modes:

    • Rural Roads: Essential for local agricultural and small-scale industry transport.
    • Metro Rail: Urban areas with networks, primarily in major cities including Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, and Bengaluru.
    • **District Roads:**Connect sub-districts/rural areas to district headquarters and to other National/State Highways.

Key Infrastructure Projects

  • Golden Quadrilateral (GQ): Connects major cities for faster transport.
  • North-South and East-West Corridors (National Highways): Expand transport networks.

Historical context

  • Grand Trunk Road (GT): Early important road.
  • First Railway line: Mumbai to Thane (1853) - 34 km.

Specialized questions on Transport

  • Broad Gauge/Meter Gauge/Narrow Gauge: Different track widths classify Indian Railways, impacting capacity and suitability.
  • Ports: Specific ports (e.g., Vishakhapatnam, Chennai) vulnerable to cyclones in certain seasons.
  • Haldia Port: Inland port located at a distance from coast.
  • Important Inland Waterways of North-East India: NW-2 (Brahmaputra River).

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Explore India's transport systems with a focus on roadways. Learn about the Golden Quadrilateral Project and its economic impacts. Understand the importance of highways and expressways alongside the benefits of roadways for short distances and door-to-door service.

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