ICD-11 Mild Intellectual Development Disorder

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of children are estimated to have developmental disorders globally?

5 to 16% (correct)

10 to 20%

15 to 25%

1 to 5%

What is the approximate IQ range for severe intellectual disability?

20–35 (correct)

30–40

40–50

50–70

Which of the following is NOT a prenatal cause of intellectual disability?

Neglect (correct)

Drugs of abuse

Infections

Toxins

How many individuals in Hong Kong are estimated to have an intellectual disability?

71,000 to 101,000 Signup and view all the answers

Which percentage represents the prevalence rate of intellectual disability in the school-age population according to 2015/16 enrollment statistics?

0.8% Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a mild disorder of intellectual development?

Adaptive behavior is approximately two to three standard deviations below the mean. Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is associated with significant language limitations?

Severe disorder of intellectual development. Signup and view all the answers

Individuals with a moderate disorder of intellectual development typically:

Have language skills that vary but are generally limited to basic skills. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of individuals with profound disorder of intellectual development?

Co-occurring motor and sensory impairments. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the severe disorder of intellectual development?

They may acquire basic self-care skills with intensive training. Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is most likely associated with an individual needing considerable support for independent living as an adult?

Moderate disorder of intellectual development. Signup and view all the answers

What is expected of individuals with a mild disorder of intellectual development in terms of practical activities?

They generally achieve independent living with appropriate support. Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate standard deviation range for a profound disorder of intellectual development?

Four or more standard deviations below the mean. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is classified as a genetic encephalopathy?

Down syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of chromosome microarray testing?

To measure the expression of multiple genes simultaneously Signup and view all the answers

Which index of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) evaluates a child's ability to maintain and manipulate information?

Working Memory Index Signup and view all the answers

Which comorbid condition is not primarily classified as a genetic disorder?

Congenital infections Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does the Visual Spatial Index of the WISC assess?

Understanding visual details and relationships Signup and view all the answers

Which metabolic condition falls under the category of inborn errors of metabolism?

Mitochondrial disease Signup and view all the answers

Which therapeutic testing is specifically mentioned for diagnosing Rett syndrome?

Rett syndrome testing Signup and view all the answers

What does the Fluid Reasoning Index of the WISC measure?

Ability to detect relationships among visual objects Signup and view all the answers

Which classification is associated with significant delay in two or more developmental domains for children under five?

Global Developmental Delay Signup and view all the answers

What diagnostic term has replaced 'mental retardation' in the DSM-5?

Intellectual Disability Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum criteria for diagnosing significant delay in developmental domains?

2 SDs below the mean Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a developmental domain mentioned for diagnosing Global Developmental Delay?

Visual perception Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a role of occupational therapy (OT) in the context of developmental delay and intellectual disability?

Enhancing adaptive functioning Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of prescreening for Global Developmental Delay?

To identify potential developmental issues Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes developmental delay?

Taking longer to reach developmental milestones compared to peers Signup and view all the answers

What type of assessments are used for diagnosing Developmental Delay/Intellectual Disability?

Standardized tests and observations Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic category in the ICD-11 relates to developmental disorders?

6A00 Disorder of intellectual development Signup and view all the answers

In which developmental domain is a significant delay defined as below 2 SDs due to IQ assessment?

Cognitive Signup and view all the answers

What does the Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI) of the WAIS primarily assess?

Visual and spatial problem-solving abilities Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI) in the WAIS?

Recalling numerical sequences Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the Diagnostic Adaptive Behavior Scale (DABS)?

Assessing adaptive behavior in individuals aged 4 to 21 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following skills is considered a deficit in adaptive functioning?

Social skills Signup and view all the answers

The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS) primarily assesses adaptive behavior in which areas?

Communication, daily living skills, and socialization Signup and view all the answers

Which index of the WAIS is used to assess how quickly a person can process information?

Processing Speed Index (PSI) Signup and view all the answers

What cognitive abilities are impaired when there are deficits in intellectual functioning?

Judgment and reasoning Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT represent a type of adaptive skill?

Mathematical reasoning Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Working Memory Index (WMI) in the WAIS assessment?

To assess recall of sequences of numbers and letters Signup and view all the answers

What does adaptive functioning encompass in daily life?

Participating in community activities Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Disorders of Intellectual Development

ICD-11 Classifications:
- Mild Disorder (6A00.0): Functioning two to three standard deviations below the mean; individuals face challenges with complex language and academic skills, typically achieve independent living with support.
- Moderate Disorder (6A00.1): Functioning three to four standard deviations below the mean; language and academic skills are generally limited, and considerable support is needed for independent living.
- Severe Disorder (6A00.2): Functioning at four or more standard deviations below the mean; very limited language skills, requires daily support and supervision, can develop basic self-care skills with intensive training.
- Profound Disorder (6A00.3): Similar functioning level as severe, with extremely limited communication and co-occurring motor/sensory impairments. Requires daily rigorous support.

Developmental Delay

Definition: Significant delays in reaching developmental milestones compared to peers; applicable for children under age five when severity is hard to evaluate.
Global Developmental Delay: Delay in at least two developmental domains including motor skills, speech, cognition, and daily living activities.

Diagnostic Criteria

Global Developmental Delay: Identified when there is at least a 2 standard deviation delay in two or more functional areas.
Intellectual Disability Terminology: The term “intellectual disability” replaced “mental retardation” in DSM-5, emphasizing a broader understanding of cognitive functioning.

Prevalence and Comorbidity

Developmental Disorders: Approximately 5 to 16% of children have developmental disorders globally.
Intellectual Disability in Hong Kong: Estimated 71,000 to 101,000 individuals, equating to a prevalence of 1.0% to 1.4%.
Common Comorbidities: Include genetic disorders (e.g., Down syndrome, Fragile-X syndrome), developmental speech/language disorders, and various syndromes.

Assessment Techniques

Diagnostic Tools:
- Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC): Assesses various intelligence aspects for children aged 6 to 16.
- Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS): Prevalent IQ test for adults, measuring verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, and processing speed.
- Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales: Evaluates adaptive behavior in areas like communication, daily living, and social skills.

Functioning Deficits

Intellectual Functioning Deficits: Impairments in reasoning, problem-solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, and academic learning.
Adaptive Functioning Deficits: Challenges in communication, social skills, personal independence, and overall school/work functioning.

Support Framework

Support for People with ID: Emphasizes respect for individuals' feelings, strengths, and weaknesses. Consistent support improves their integration into society.

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Description

This quiz explores the characteristics and implications of mild intellectual development disorders as outlined in ICD-11. Participants will learn about intellectual functioning, adaptive behavior, and the skills affected by this condition. It is essential for understanding the abilities and challenges faced by individuals with mild disorders.