Podcast
Questions and Answers
What percentage of children are estimated to have developmental disorders globally?
What percentage of children are estimated to have developmental disorders globally?
- 5 to 16% (correct)
- 10 to 20%
- 15 to 25%
- 1 to 5%
What is the approximate IQ range for severe intellectual disability?
What is the approximate IQ range for severe intellectual disability?
- 20–35 (correct)
- 30–40
- 40–50
- 50–70
Which of the following is NOT a prenatal cause of intellectual disability?
Which of the following is NOT a prenatal cause of intellectual disability?
- Neglect (correct)
- Drugs of abuse
- Infections
- Toxins
How many individuals in Hong Kong are estimated to have an intellectual disability?
How many individuals in Hong Kong are estimated to have an intellectual disability?
Which percentage represents the prevalence rate of intellectual disability in the school-age population according to 2015/16 enrollment statistics?
Which percentage represents the prevalence rate of intellectual disability in the school-age population according to 2015/16 enrollment statistics?
What characterizes a mild disorder of intellectual development?
What characterizes a mild disorder of intellectual development?
Which disorder is associated with significant language limitations?
Which disorder is associated with significant language limitations?
Individuals with a moderate disorder of intellectual development typically:
Individuals with a moderate disorder of intellectual development typically:
What is a common characteristic of individuals with profound disorder of intellectual development?
What is a common characteristic of individuals with profound disorder of intellectual development?
Which of the following is true about the severe disorder of intellectual development?
Which of the following is true about the severe disorder of intellectual development?
Which disorder is most likely associated with an individual needing considerable support for independent living as an adult?
Which disorder is most likely associated with an individual needing considerable support for independent living as an adult?
What is expected of individuals with a mild disorder of intellectual development in terms of practical activities?
What is expected of individuals with a mild disorder of intellectual development in terms of practical activities?
What is the approximate standard deviation range for a profound disorder of intellectual development?
What is the approximate standard deviation range for a profound disorder of intellectual development?
Which of the following conditions is classified as a genetic encephalopathy?
Which of the following conditions is classified as a genetic encephalopathy?
What is the purpose of chromosome microarray testing?
What is the purpose of chromosome microarray testing?
Which index of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) evaluates a child's ability to maintain and manipulate information?
Which index of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) evaluates a child's ability to maintain and manipulate information?
Which comorbid condition is not primarily classified as a genetic disorder?
Which comorbid condition is not primarily classified as a genetic disorder?
What aspect does the Visual Spatial Index of the WISC assess?
What aspect does the Visual Spatial Index of the WISC assess?
Which metabolic condition falls under the category of inborn errors of metabolism?
Which metabolic condition falls under the category of inborn errors of metabolism?
Which therapeutic testing is specifically mentioned for diagnosing Rett syndrome?
Which therapeutic testing is specifically mentioned for diagnosing Rett syndrome?
What does the Fluid Reasoning Index of the WISC measure?
What does the Fluid Reasoning Index of the WISC measure?
Which classification is associated with significant delay in two or more developmental domains for children under five?
Which classification is associated with significant delay in two or more developmental domains for children under five?
What diagnostic term has replaced 'mental retardation' in the DSM-5?
What diagnostic term has replaced 'mental retardation' in the DSM-5?
What is the minimum criteria for diagnosing significant delay in developmental domains?
What is the minimum criteria for diagnosing significant delay in developmental domains?
Which of the following is NOT a developmental domain mentioned for diagnosing Global Developmental Delay?
Which of the following is NOT a developmental domain mentioned for diagnosing Global Developmental Delay?
Which of the following is a role of occupational therapy (OT) in the context of developmental delay and intellectual disability?
Which of the following is a role of occupational therapy (OT) in the context of developmental delay and intellectual disability?
What is the primary purpose of prescreening for Global Developmental Delay?
What is the primary purpose of prescreening for Global Developmental Delay?
Which of the following best describes developmental delay?
Which of the following best describes developmental delay?
What type of assessments are used for diagnosing Developmental Delay/Intellectual Disability?
What type of assessments are used for diagnosing Developmental Delay/Intellectual Disability?
Which diagnostic category in the ICD-11 relates to developmental disorders?
Which diagnostic category in the ICD-11 relates to developmental disorders?
In which developmental domain is a significant delay defined as below 2 SDs due to IQ assessment?
In which developmental domain is a significant delay defined as below 2 SDs due to IQ assessment?
What does the Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI) of the WAIS primarily assess?
What does the Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI) of the WAIS primarily assess?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI) in the WAIS?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI) in the WAIS?
What is the focus of the Diagnostic Adaptive Behavior Scale (DABS)?
What is the focus of the Diagnostic Adaptive Behavior Scale (DABS)?
Which of the following skills is considered a deficit in adaptive functioning?
Which of the following skills is considered a deficit in adaptive functioning?
The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS) primarily assesses adaptive behavior in which areas?
The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales (VABS) primarily assesses adaptive behavior in which areas?
Which index of the WAIS is used to assess how quickly a person can process information?
Which index of the WAIS is used to assess how quickly a person can process information?
What cognitive abilities are impaired when there are deficits in intellectual functioning?
What cognitive abilities are impaired when there are deficits in intellectual functioning?
Which of the following does NOT represent a type of adaptive skill?
Which of the following does NOT represent a type of adaptive skill?
What is the role of the Working Memory Index (WMI) in the WAIS assessment?
What is the role of the Working Memory Index (WMI) in the WAIS assessment?
What does adaptive functioning encompass in daily life?
What does adaptive functioning encompass in daily life?
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Study Notes
Disorders of Intellectual Development
- ICD-11 Classifications:
- Mild Disorder (6A00.0): Functioning two to three standard deviations below the mean; individuals face challenges with complex language and academic skills, typically achieve independent living with support.
- Moderate Disorder (6A00.1): Functioning three to four standard deviations below the mean; language and academic skills are generally limited, and considerable support is needed for independent living.
- Severe Disorder (6A00.2): Functioning at four or more standard deviations below the mean; very limited language skills, requires daily support and supervision, can develop basic self-care skills with intensive training.
- Profound Disorder (6A00.3): Similar functioning level as severe, with extremely limited communication and co-occurring motor/sensory impairments. Requires daily rigorous support.
Developmental Delay
- Definition: Significant delays in reaching developmental milestones compared to peers; applicable for children under age five when severity is hard to evaluate.
- Global Developmental Delay: Delay in at least two developmental domains including motor skills, speech, cognition, and daily living activities.
Diagnostic Criteria
- Global Developmental Delay: Identified when there is at least a 2 standard deviation delay in two or more functional areas.
- Intellectual Disability Terminology: The term “intellectual disability” replaced “mental retardation” in DSM-5, emphasizing a broader understanding of cognitive functioning.
Prevalence and Comorbidity
- Developmental Disorders: Approximately 5 to 16% of children have developmental disorders globally.
- Intellectual Disability in Hong Kong: Estimated 71,000 to 101,000 individuals, equating to a prevalence of 1.0% to 1.4%.
- Common Comorbidities: Include genetic disorders (e.g., Down syndrome, Fragile-X syndrome), developmental speech/language disorders, and various syndromes.
Assessment Techniques
- Diagnostic Tools:
- Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC): Assesses various intelligence aspects for children aged 6 to 16.
- Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS): Prevalent IQ test for adults, measuring verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, and processing speed.
- Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales: Evaluates adaptive behavior in areas like communication, daily living, and social skills.
Functioning Deficits
- Intellectual Functioning Deficits: Impairments in reasoning, problem-solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, and academic learning.
- Adaptive Functioning Deficits: Challenges in communication, social skills, personal independence, and overall school/work functioning.
Support Framework
- Support for People with ID: Emphasizes respect for individuals' feelings, strengths, and weaknesses. Consistent support improves their integration into society.
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