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Questions and Answers
What is the primary cause of Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy (HIE)?
What is the primary cause of Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy (HIE)?
- Increased heart rate
- Reduced uteroplacental blood flow (correct)
- Mental retardation
- Spontaneous respiration
What is a common manifestation of Grade I HIE?
What is a common manifestation of Grade I HIE?
- Seizure activity
- Coma
- Exaggerated Moro reflex (correct)
- Hypertonia
What is a characteristic of Grade II HIE?
What is a characteristic of Grade II HIE?
- No seizure activity
- Absence of reflexes
- Flaccidity
- Hypotonia (correct)
What is the duration of symptoms for Grade I HIE?
What is the duration of symptoms for Grade I HIE?
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What is a possible long-term outcome of HIE?
What is a possible long-term outcome of HIE?
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What is a characteristic of Grade III HIE?
What is a characteristic of Grade III HIE?
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Study Notes
Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy (HIE)
- Occurs due to reduced uteroplacental blood flow or interference with spontaneous respiration, leading to perinatal hypoxia and ischaemia
- Can lead to spastic quadriplegia or diplegia and mental retardation
Clinical Manifestations of HIE
- Severity of injury determines clinical manifestations
Grading of HIE
Grade I HIE
- Alternating periods of lethargy and irritability, hyper-alertness, and jitteriness
- Poor feeding
- Exaggerated and/or spontaneous Moro reflex
- Increased heart rate and dilated pupils
- No seizure activity
- Symptoms resolve within 24 hours
Grade II HIE
- Lethargy
- Poor feeding and depressed gag reflex
- Hypotonia
- Low heart rate and papillary constriction
- 50-70% of infants display seizures, usually within the first 24 hours after birth
- Oliguria
- Symptoms last from 24 hours to 14 days
Grade III HIE
- Coma
- Flaccidity
- Absent reflexes
- Pupils fixed, slightly reactive
- Apnea, bradycardia, and hypotension
- Oliguria
- Seizures are uncommon
- Symptoms last from days to weeks
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Description
This quiz tests your knowledge on Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy (HIE), a condition resulting from reduced uteroplacental blood flow or interference with spontaneous respiration, leading to perinatal hypoxia and ischaemia. Learn about the clinical manifestations and symptoms according to the severity of injury.
