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Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy (HIE) - Diagnosis and Symptoms

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Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy (HIE) - Diagnosis and Symptoms

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy (HIE)?

Increased heart rate

Reduced uteroplacental blood flow (correct)

Mental retardation

Spontaneous respiration

What is a common manifestation of Grade I HIE?

Seizure activity

Coma

Exaggerated Moro reflex (correct)

Hypertonia

What is a characteristic of Grade II HIE?

No seizure activity

Absence of reflexes

Flaccidity

Hypotonia (correct)

What is the duration of symptoms for Grade I HIE?

Less than 24 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible long-term outcome of HIE?

Mental retardation Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Grade III HIE?

Coma Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy (HIE)

Occurs due to reduced uteroplacental blood flow or interference with spontaneous respiration, leading to perinatal hypoxia and ischaemia
Can lead to spastic quadriplegia or diplegia and mental retardation

Clinical Manifestations of HIE

Severity of injury determines clinical manifestations

Grading of HIE

Grade I HIE

Alternating periods of lethargy and irritability, hyper-alertness, and jitteriness
Poor feeding
Exaggerated and/or spontaneous Moro reflex
Increased heart rate and dilated pupils
No seizure activity
Symptoms resolve within 24 hours

Grade II HIE

Lethargy
Poor feeding and depressed gag reflex
Hypotonia
Low heart rate and papillary constriction
50-70% of infants display seizures, usually within the first 24 hours after birth
Oliguria
Symptoms last from 24 hours to 14 days

Grade III HIE

Coma
Flaccidity
Absent reflexes
Pupils fixed, slightly reactive
Apnea, bradycardia, and hypotension
Oliguria
Seizures are uncommon
Symptoms last from days to weeks

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Description

This quiz tests your knowledge on Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy (HIE), a condition resulting from reduced uteroplacental blood flow or interference with spontaneous respiration, leading to perinatal hypoxia and ischaemia. Learn about the clinical manifestations and symptoms according to the severity of injury.