Hypothesis Testing in Data Analysis
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of hypothesis testing in statistics?

  • To visualize data patterns
  • To determine sample data accuracy
  • To make assumptions about population parameters (correct)
  • To directly calculate population parameters

Which of the following statements best describes the null hypothesis?

  • It focuses on proving relationships in the data.
  • It states there is no significant difference or effect in the population. (correct)
  • It always assumes a change or difference between groups.
  • It represents the alternative viewpoint to the null hypothesis.

What does the alternative hypothesis represent?

  • A lack of evidence in the sample data.
  • A default assumption in statistical testing.
  • A significant difference, effect, or relationship in the population. (correct)
  • An assumption of no change or effect.

In hypothesis testing, what does H0 typically assume?

<p>No change, effect, or difference in the population. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hypothesis serves as the default assumption in hypothesis testing?

<p>Null Hypothesis (H0) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a researcher states 'H1: The new drug has an effect on reducing blood pressure,' what does this imply?

<p>There is a significant relationship between the drug and blood pressure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the alternate hypothesis play in hypothesis testing?

<p>It represents what the researcher is trying to find evidence for. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hypothesis asserts 'There is no difference in the mean exam scores between Group A and Group B'?

<p>'H0' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'H0' often states that:

<p>'There is no change, no effect, or no difference between groups being compared.' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'H1: There is a positive correlation between hours of study and exam performance' is an example of:

<p>'Alternative Hypothesis' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance level used as a common threshold for rejecting the null hypothesis?

<p>0.05 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of hypothesis testing?

<p>To determine if there is enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis in favor of the alternative hypothesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test statistic is used when the population standard deviation is unknown for hypothesis testing about a population mean?

<p>t-score (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the significance level (alpha) in hypothesis testing?

<p>It is typically set at 0.05 but can vary based on context (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the critical value in hypothesis testing using a t-statistic?

<p>Degrees of freedom (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Type I Error in hypothesis testing?

<p>The incorrect rejection of a true null hypothesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is Type II Error characterized in hypothesis testing?

<p>Failing to reject a false null hypothesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a two-tailed test at a significance level of 0.01, what approximate critical t-values should be used for 25 degrees of freedom?

<p>+/-2.576 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In testing hypotheses about a population variance, what does the null hypothesis state?

<p>The population variance is equal to a specific value. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the probability of Type I error if the significance level (?) decreases?

<p>It decreases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the power of a test in hypothesis testing?

<p>The ability to correctly reject a false null hypothesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the absolute value of the calculated t-score is less than the critical t-value, what decision is made in hypothesis testing?

<p>Fail to reject the null hypothesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the z-value in a left-tailed test is found to be 1.96?

<p>Reject the null hypothesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is testing hypotheses about a population mean using the z-statistic common?

<p>When the population standard deviation (?) is known (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a right-tailed test imply when comparing a calculated z-value to a critical z-value?

<p>?z? &gt; z?? (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What statistic is used to test hypotheses about a population variance?

<p>?2 statistic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a two-tailed test with a calculated t-score of 1.788 and critical t-value of ±1.678, what decision would be made?

<p>-1.788 &gt; 1.678 or -1.788 &lt; -1.678 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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