Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the hypothalamus?

  • Regulating multiple systems including autonomic, endocrine, and limbic systems (correct)
  • Regulating the autonomic system only
  • Regulating the limbic system only
  • Regulating the endocrine system only

    • Where is the pituitary gland located?

  • Sella turcica (correct)
  • Temporal lobe of the brain
  • Lumbar spine
  • Thyroid gland

    • Which part of the pituitary gland originates from Rathke's pouch?

  • Lateral pituitary
  • Posterior pituitary
  • Central pituitary
  • Anterior pituitary (correct)

    • How many major types of cells are found in the anterior pituitary?

    <p>5 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system does the hypothalamus not regulate?

    <p>Digestive system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the connection between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland?

    <p>Pituitary stalk (infundibulum) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of somatotropes in the adenohypophysis gland?

    <p>Produce growth hormone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone helps with the delivery of the baby at the end of gestation?

    <p>Oxytocin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is produced by corticotropes in the adenohypophysis gland?

    <p>ACTH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is ADH produced in the neuron?

    <p>Cell Body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the adenohypophysis gland is composed of thyrotropes?

    <p>5% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for transporting ADH through the axon?

    <p>Neurophysin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormones are primarily produced by gonadotropes in the adenohypophysis gland?

    <p>LH and FSH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the axon terminate for ADH release?

    <p>Capillary Wall (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of feedback mechanism involves releasing hormone from the hypothalamus?

    <p>Short-Loop Feedback (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, what controls the secretion of the anterior pituitary via releasing and inhibiting hormones?

    <p>Hypothalamus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a releasing hormone involved in controlling the anterior pituitary secretion in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis?

    <p>LH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what manner does ADH and its associated neurophysin diffuse through blood circulation?

    <p>Through Fenestrations in Capillary Walls (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system carries hormones directly from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland?

    <p>Hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone promotes growth of the entire body by affecting protein formation, cell multiplication, and cell differentiation?

    <p>Growth Hormone (GH) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the cell bodies of the magnocellular neurons located?

    <p>Supraoptic nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone controls the secretion rate of thyroxine and triiodothyronine by the thyroid gland?

    <p>Thyrotropin (TSH) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system?

    <p>To carry hormones between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone promotes mammary gland development and milk production?

    <p>Prolactin (PRL) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the anatomical connection between the hypothalamus and the hypophysis?

    <p>Nervous link (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is regulated by the hypothalamus but not by the pituitary gland?

    <p>Limbic system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the posterior pituitary gland located in relation to the hypothalamus?

    <p>Below the hypothalamus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the pituitary gland originates from Rathke's pouch?

    <p>Anterior pituitary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is NOT directly regulated by the hypothalamus?

    <p>Central nervous system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the adenohypophysis gland is composed of thyrotropes?

    <p>5% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating osmoregulation?

    <p>Antidiuretic hormone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells produce adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) in the adenohypophysis gland?

    <p>Corticotropes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which region of the brain works closely with the pituitary gland when regulating the endocrine system?

    <p>Diencephalon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis?

    <p>Promote growth hormone secretion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone regulates the milk production/ejection function within the endocrine system?

    <p>Prolactin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Oxytocin?

    <p>Aids in expressing milk from the mammary gland during suckling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does ADH production take place in the neuron?

    <p>Cell bodies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is ADH transported through the axon?

    <p>Using a specific protein called neurophysin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of ADH from vasopressinergic neurons in the hypothalamus?

    <p>Calcium-dependent mechanism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of neurophysin in the ADH release process?

    <p>Aids in transporting ADH through the axon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism is responsible for the diffusion of ADH and neurophysin into capillaries?

    <p>Passive diffusion through fenestrations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of neurons originates in various parts of the hypothalamus and synthesize and secrete releasing and inhibiting hormones?

    <p>Special neurons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system?

    <p>Transport and exchange hormones between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the cell bodies of magnocellular neurons located?

    <p>In the hypothalamus paraventricular and supraoptic nucleus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells in the adenohypophysis primarily produce growth hormones?

    <p>Somatotropes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of corticotropin (ACTH) secreted by the adenohypophysis?

    <p>Control secretion of adrenocortical hormones affecting glucose metabolism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the peptide hormones of the anterior pituitary primarily exert their control?

    <p>Metabolic functions throughout the body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific structure that connects the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland?

    <p>Infundibulum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the pituitary gland is embryonically derived from Rathke's pouch?

    <p>Anterior Pituitary (Adenohypophysis) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the posterior pituitary gland?

    <p>Storage and release of oxytocin and vasopressin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is NOT directly regulated by the hypothalamus?

    <p>Regulation of thyroid hormones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the hypophysis is accurate?

    <p>Connects to the hypothalamus through Rathke's pouch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type in the adenohypophysis produces growth hormone?

    <p>Somatotropes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of corticotropes in the adenohypophysis gland?

    <p>Produce adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating osmoregulation?

    <p>Growth hormone (GH) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the total adenohypophysis gland is composed of GONADOTROPES?

    <p>10 to 15% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain regulates the anterior pituitary secretion via releasing and inhibiting hormones?

    <p>Diencephalon hypothalamus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of LACTOTROPES in the adenohypophysis gland?

    <p>Produce prolactin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these cell types is found in the adenohypophysis gland?

    <p>Somatotropes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of oxytocin in relation to parenting behavior?

    <p>Help with milk expression from mammary glands during suckling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does ADH production take place in the neuron?

    <p>Cell bodies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for helping with the delivery of the baby at the end of gestation?

    <p>Oxytocin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is ADH transported through the axon?

    <p>Active transport (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of ADH from vasopressinergic neurons in the hypothalamus?

    <p>Increased blood osmolarity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens as the secretion granules containing ADH move down the axon?

    <p>Processing of the precursor to mature peptide occurs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system?

    <p>To transport hormones between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the cell bodies of magnocellular neurons, responsible for producing hormones in the hypothalamus, reside?

    <p>In the hypothalamus paraventricular and supraoptic nucleus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone controls the secretion rate of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) by the thyroid gland?

    <p>Thyrotropin (TSH) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of corticotropin (ACTH) secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?

    <p>Affects glucose, protein, and fat metabolism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the 2 important peptide hormones secreted by the neurohypophysis produced before being transported to the posterior pituitary?

    <p>In the hypothalamus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unique characteristic of the capillaries in the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system that allows rapid exchange between the hypothalamus and pituitary?

    <p>'Fenestrated' capillaries with high vascular permeability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system?

    <p>To carry hormones between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the pituitary gland secretes hormones that promote mammary gland development and milk production?

    <p>Adenohypophysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the cell bodies of magnocellular neurons located?

    <p>In the hypothalamus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone controls the secretion rate of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) by the thyroid gland?

    <p>Thyrotropin (TSH) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unique characteristic of the capillaries in the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system that allows rapid hormone exchange?

    <p>They have high vascular permeability with fenestrations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain connects the hypothalamus with the anterior pituitary gland to facilitate hormone transport?

    <p>Hypothalamus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the embryonic origin of the anterior pituitary gland?

    <p>Ectoderm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the brain is closely associated with regulating fear and aggression in connection to the endocrine system?

    <p>Limbic system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormones are produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary for later release?

    <p>Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland?

    <p>Infundibulum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the pituitary gland is known to regulate body growth through its hormones?

    <p>Anterior pituitary (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system does the hypothalamus NOT directly regulate?

    <p>Digestive system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of thyrotropes in the adenohypophysis gland?

    <p>Produce thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type in the adenohypophysis gland primarily produces luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)?

    <p>Gonadotropes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones is produced by lactotropes in the adenohypophysis gland?

    <p>Prolactin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of corticotropes in the adenohypophysis gland?

    <p>Produce adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cell types in the adenohypophysis gland is primarily involved in osmoregulation?

    <p>Corticotropes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of somatotropes in the adenohypophysis gland?

    <p>Produce growth hormone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Oxytocin?

    <p>Help with the delivery of the baby at the end of gestation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does ADH production take place in the neuron?

    <p>Cell body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is ADH transported through the axon?

    <p>Via neurophysin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system carries hormones directly from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland?

    <p>Hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of ADH from vasopressinergic neurons in the hypothalamus?

    <p>Presence of calcium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone helps express milk from the mammary gland to the nipples during suckling?

    <p>Oxytocin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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