Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia Management Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the most common ECG change associated with hypokalemia?

  • U wave (correct)
  • Flattened T waves
  • ST segment depression
  • Peaked T waves

    • Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of hyperkalemia?

  • Nausea and abdominal cramps
  • Irritability
  • Muscle weakness
  • Increased urination (correct)

    • What is the recommended rate for IV potassium replacement in hypokalemia?

  • 10-20 mEq/hr (correct)
  • 40-60 mEq/hr
  • 1-2 mEq/hr
  • 80-100 mEq/hr

    • Which of the following is a key step in managing IV potassium replacement?

    <p>Mixing the potassium solution well before administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of hyperkalemia?

    <p>Reduced kidney function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended course of action for severe hypermagnesemia?

    <p>Administer IV or IM magnesium sulfate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT listed as a common cause of hypermagnesemia?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended antidote for magnesium sulfate overdosage?

    <p>Calcium gluconate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of hypermagnesemia, what symptom might be observed in patients?

    <p>Generalized weakness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct method to treat respiratory depression associated with hypermagnesemia?

    <p>Mechanical ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recommended step when managing severe hypermagnesemia?

    <p>Increase magnesium sulfate infusion rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by a sodium level below 115 mEq/L?

    <p>Mild/chronic hyponatremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for severe/acute hyponatremia with sodium levels below 100 mEq/L?

    <p>Infuse hypertonic NaCl solution (3% or 5% NaCl)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of hypernatremia?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of hypernatremia?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for potassium levels in the body?

    <p>3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential cause of hypokalemia (low potassium levels)?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of calcium in the body?

    <p>Forming bones and teeth, and facilitating muscle contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal serum calcium level range?

    <p>8.5 - 10.5 mg/dl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a possible cause of hypocalcemia (low serum calcium levels)?

    <p>Pancreatitis or thyroid/parathyroid surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used as an emergency treatment for the cardiac effects of hypocalcemia?

    <p>10% calcium gluconate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of hypocalcemia?

    <p>Muscle twitching and paresthesias (numbness/tingling)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a major cause of hypercalcemia (high serum calcium levels)?

    <p>Cancer or hyperparathyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common clinical manifestation of hypercalcemia?

    <p>Constipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which calcium accumulates in the extracellular fluid (ECF) during hypercalcemia?

    <p>Calcium passes through the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a clinical manifestation of hypomagnesemia?

    <p>Bradycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of magnesium in the body?

    <p>Cofactor for many enzymes and ATP utilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common cause of hypomagnesemia?

    <p>Hyperglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for asymptomatic hypercalcemia?

    <p>Treat the underlying cause</p> Signup and view all the answers

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