45 Questions
In metabolic alkalosis, neuromuscular symptoms are often predominant due to the decreased ionized fraction of calcium.
True
The lungs in metabolic alkalosis compensate by increasing the respiratory rate.
False
In metabolic alkalosis, there is increased renal excretion of HCO3- and conservation of H+.
True
As the pH of blood increases in metabolic alkalosis, H+ ions are excreted from the bloodstream.
False
Hypokalemia in metabolic alkalosis can lead to increased GI motility.
False
Hypokalemia can lead to alkalosis by reabsorbing K+ into the bloodstream and secreting H+ into the urine.
True
Excessive alkali ingestion can cause metabolic acidosis.
False
Chronic metabolic alkalosis can occur with long-term thiazide or furosemide therapy.
True
Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by a low pH and a low plasma bicarbonate concentration.
False
In alkalosis, H+ ions are increased in the bloodstream, attracting other positive ions.
False
Alkalosis primarily manifests symptoms related to hypercalcemia, such as muscle cramps.
False
Severe vomiting or gastric suction can be a common cause of metabolic alkalosis.
True
Metabolic alkalosis can occur in pyloric stenosis where acidic gastric fluid is lost.
True
Diuretic therapy that promotes excretion of potassium can predispose to metabolic acidosis.
False
ACTH secretion in hyperaldosteronism and Cushing’s syndrome contributes to metabolic alkalosis.
True
What is a common cause of metabolic alkalosis?
Severe vomiting leading to loss of stomach acid
How does pyloric stenosis contribute to metabolic alkalosis?
By losing acidic gastric fluid
Which situation can predispose an individual to metabolic alkalosis?
Use of furosemide diuretics
How do the kidneys compensate in metabolic alkalosis?
By increasing HCO3- excretion
What role does hypokalemia play in metabolic alkalosis?
It leads to increased H+ secretion into urine
What is a key factor that can lead to hypoventilation in patients with metabolic alkalosis?
Hypochloremia
How can urine chloride levels help differentiate the causes of metabolic alkalosis?
Estimating fluid volume
In patients with hypovolemia due to vomiting, what urine chloride concentration is typically observed?
Below 25 mEq/L
How can the urine chloride concentration be used to differentiate between different causes of metabolic alkalosis?
By assessing potassium levels
What is a common approach for medical management of metabolic alkalosis?
Correcting the underlying acid-base disorder
What is the primary cause of neuromuscular symptoms in metabolic alkalosis?
Decreased ionized fraction of calcium
How do the kidneys attempt to reduce the alkalinity of the bloodstream in metabolic alkalosis?
Conserving H+ ions
What ECG abnormality is commonly associated with hypokalemia?
Prominent U wave
What is a characteristic finding in ABG evaluation of metabolic alkalosis?
pH greater than 7.45
How do the lungs compensate for metabolic alkalosis?
Increasing CO2 retention
In patients with metabolic alkalosis and urine chloride concentrations lower than 25 mEq/L, what condition is likely present?
Hypovolemia and hypochloremia
How do the kidneys compensate for metabolic alkalosis in patients with mineralocorticoid excess or alkali loading?
Increased H+ excretion in urine
What is a characteristic finding in metabolic alkalosis that is associated with hypokalemia?
Neuromuscular symptoms
How do urine chloride concentrations help differentiate between vomiting, diuretic therapy, and excessive adrenocorticosteroid secretion as causes of metabolic alkalosis?
By varying based on the underlying cause
What is a method used for medical management of both acute and chronic metabolic alkalosis?
Correcting the underlying acid-base disorder
How do the kidneys compensate for metabolic alkalosis?
Increasing bicarbonate reabsorption
What ECG abnormality is commonly associated with hypokalemia in metabolic alkalosis?
Prolonged QT interval
Which of the following is a characteristic finding in ABG evaluation of metabolic alkalosis?
Decreased bicarbonate levels
What role does hypokalemia play in metabolic alkalosis?
Promoting potassium reabsorption in exchange for H+ excretion
How can urine chloride levels help differentiate between different causes of metabolic alkalosis?
High urine chloride points to diuretic-induced alkalosis
What is the primary mechanism through which the lungs attempt to compensate in metabolic alkalosis?
Increasing CO2 retention
How do the kidneys respond in metabolic alkalosis to maintain acid-base balance?
Increased excretion of K+ and retention of H+
Which ECG abnormality is commonly associated with hypokalemia in the context of metabolic alkalosis?
Prominent U wave
What is a characteristic finding in ABG evaluation of metabolic alkalosis?
pH > 7.45
How does hypokalemia contribute to metabolic alkalosis?
Reabsorption of H+ into the bloodstream
Learn about how hypokalemia can lead to alkalosis through two main mechanisms: reabsorption of K+ by nephrons and movement of intracellular potassium out of the cells. Understand how excessive alkali ingestion can also contribute to alkalosis.
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