Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism and its Effects
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Questions and Answers

What is the characteristic physical appearance of individuals with untreated isolated gonadotrophin deficiency?

  • Obesity with normal body proportions
  • Tall stature with disproportionately long arms and legs (correct)
  • Short stature with normal arm and leg proportions
  • Muscular build with short limbs

What is a common observation in all forms of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism?

  • Gynaecomastia only in boys
  • Cryptorchidism and gynaecomastia (correct)
  • Cryptorchidism only in boys
  • Neither cryptorchidism nor gynaecomastia

What is the most common cause of delayed puberty in boys?

  • Hypothalamic/pituitary abnormality
  • Klinefelter syndrome
  • Turner syndrome
  • Constitutional delay (correct)

What is the purpose of performing a karyotype in adolescents with hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism?

<p>To exclude Turner and Klinefelter syndromes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential risk of medically inducing puberty in adolescents?

<p>Premature fusion of the epiphyses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical association of Turner syndrome?

<p>With hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism in girls (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely cause of isolated gonadotrophin deficiency?

<p>Genetic abnormality affecting the synthesis of GnRH or gonadotrophins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism?

<p>Chronic systemic illness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of Turner syndrome?

<p>45,X, female phenotype (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of anosmia or hyposmia in Kallmann syndrome?

<p>Agenesis or hypoplasia of the olfactory bulbs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism?

<p>Functional gonadotrophin deficiency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical presentation of delayed puberty in constitutional delay?

<p>Poor linear growth, with ‘crossing of the height centiles’ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for children with congenital hypothyroidism to prevent irreversible brain damage?

<p>Early treatment with levothyroxine within 2 weeks of birth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the incidence of congenital hypothyroidism compared to phenylketonuria?

<p>Six times more common (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What genetic mutation is associated with Pendred syndrome?

<p>Mutation in the SLC26A4 gene (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme deficiency commonly causes congenital hypothyroidism?

<p>Peroxidase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Pendred syndrome consist of, in addition to nerve deafness?

<p>Dyshormonogenetic goitre (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism commonly made in newborns?

<p>Through a Guthrie test measuring TSH levels in heel-prick blood samples (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers
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