Hypertonic Disease Overview

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What is the primary clinical sign of Hypertonic disease?

A transient increase in blood pressure

A transient decrease in blood pressure

A prolonged and persistent increase in blood pressure (correct)

A prolonged and persistent increase in heart rate

Who described Hypertonic disease as a 'disease of unreacted emotions'?

Dr. Maria Garcia

Dr. John Smith

Dr. Robert Johnson

Dr. G.F. Lang (correct)

What is Hypertonic disease most closely associated with?

Decreased tension in the psycho-emotional sphere

Economically developing countries

Economically developed countries experiencing all increasing tension in the psycho-emotional sphere (correct)

Rural living

Who is more likely to develop Hypertonic disease?

Men in the second half of life Signup and view all the answers

How does Hypertonic disease differ from symptomatic hypertension?

Symptomatic hypertension is a secondary condition to many diseases Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical sign of hypertension?

Atherosclerosis in large arteries Signup and view all the answers

What causes the development of arteriole hyalinosis or arteriolosclerosis?

Spasm of the vessel Signup and view all the answers

In which arteries does elastofibrosis and stenosing atherosclerosis occur?

Arteries of the heart, brain, kidneys Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the mass of the heart in the later stages of hypertension?

It can reach 900-1000 g Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the development of dystrophic and necrobiotic changes in myocardial fibers?

Myocardial hypoxia Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical form is characteristic of hypertension and coronary heart disease?

Cardiac form Signup and view all the answers

What leads to hypertrophied heart cavities in hypertension?

Eccentric myocardial hypertrophy Signup and view all the answers

Which condition of the arteries leads to the development of diffuse small-focal cardiosclerosis?

Atherosclerosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying cause of secondary changes in organs due to hypertension?

Arteriolo- and atherosclerotic vascular occlusion Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is a characteristic sign of a hypertensive crisis?

Plasma impregnation of arterioles Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical outcome of arteriolonecrosis of the kidneys in the absence of hemodialysis?

Death Signup and view all the answers

What is the morphological expression of malignant hypertension in the kidneys?

Arteriolonecrosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of insufficient blood supply and hypoxia in the kidneys in chronic benign hypertension?

Atrophy of the tubular part of most nephrons Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic change in the optic nerve papilla in hypertension?

Edema Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of arteriole hyalinosis in the kidneys?

Arteriolosclerotic nephrosclerosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the change in the adrenal glands in hypertension?

Hyperplasia of the medulla and cortical layers Signup and view all the answers

What system plays a crucial role in the regulation of arterial pressure and is involved in the excretion of sodium and water?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary link in the genesis of essential hypertension according to the 'membrane theory'?

Genetic defect in cell membranes Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a hypertensive crisis in malignant hypertension?

Infarctions and hemorrhages Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic morphological manifestation of a hypertensive crisis?

Corrugation of the basement membrane of the endothelium Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevalence of malignant hypertension currently?

Rare Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic change in the heart during the preclinical stage of hypertension?

Moderate compensatory hypertrophy of the left ventricle Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hereditary factors in the pathogenesis of hypertension?

Confirmed by experimental studies Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of a genetic defect in cell membranes according to the 'membrane theory'?

Change in the contractile properties of vascular smooth muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the renal factor in the pathogenesis of hypertension?

Closing the 'vicious circle' of hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What are some diseases of the central nervous system that can lead to symptomatic hypertension?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a disease of the endocrine system that can lead to symptomatic hypertension?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What role does psycho-emotional overstrain play in the development of hypertension?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a reflex factor that can lead to the development of hypertension?

Both a and b Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones is not involved in the regulation of blood pressure?

None of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'kidney switching' phenomenon that can lead to chronic arterial hypertension?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is a prerequisite for the development of chronic arterial hypertension?

Shift in the curve of dependence of the excretory function of the kidney on the value of systolic blood pressure towards its higher values Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of hypervolemic hypertension?

Increase in the mass of circulating blood Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a vascular disease that can lead to symptomatic hypertension?

None of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the hereditary factor in the development of hypertension?

It plays a great role in the occurrence of hypertension Signup and view all the answers

Hypertonic Disease Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary clinical sign of Hypertonic disease?

Who described Hypertonic disease as a 'disease of unreacted emotions'?

What is Hypertonic disease most closely associated with?

Who is more likely to develop Hypertonic disease?

How does Hypertonic disease differ from symptomatic hypertension?

Which of the following is NOT a typical sign of hypertension?

What causes the development of arteriole hyalinosis or arteriolosclerosis?

In which arteries does elastofibrosis and stenosing atherosclerosis occur?

What happens to the mass of the heart in the later stages of hypertension?

What contributes to the development of dystrophic and necrobiotic changes in myocardial fibers?

Which clinical form is characteristic of hypertension and coronary heart disease?

What leads to hypertrophied heart cavities in hypertension?

Which condition of the arteries leads to the development of diffuse small-focal cardiosclerosis?

What is the underlying cause of secondary changes in organs due to hypertension?

Which symptom is a characteristic sign of a hypertensive crisis?

What is the typical outcome of arteriolonecrosis of the kidneys in the absence of hemodialysis?

What is the morphological expression of malignant hypertension in the kidneys?

What is the result of insufficient blood supply and hypoxia in the kidneys in chronic benign hypertension?

What is the characteristic change in the optic nerve papilla in hypertension?

What is the outcome of arteriole hyalinosis in the kidneys?

What is the change in the adrenal glands in hypertension?

What system plays a crucial role in the regulation of arterial pressure and is involved in the excretion of sodium and water?

What is the primary link in the genesis of essential hypertension according to the 'membrane theory'?

What is the result of a hypertensive crisis in malignant hypertension?

What is the characteristic morphological manifestation of a hypertensive crisis?

What is the prevalence of malignant hypertension currently?

What is the characteristic change in the heart during the preclinical stage of hypertension?

What is the role of hereditary factors in the pathogenesis of hypertension?

What is the result of a genetic defect in cell membranes according to the 'membrane theory'?

What is the role of the renal factor in the pathogenesis of hypertension?

What are some diseases of the central nervous system that can lead to symptomatic hypertension?

Which of the following is a disease of the endocrine system that can lead to symptomatic hypertension?

What role does psycho-emotional overstrain play in the development of hypertension?

Which of the following is a reflex factor that can lead to the development of hypertension?

Which of the following hormones is not involved in the regulation of blood pressure?

What is the 'kidney switching' phenomenon that can lead to chronic arterial hypertension?

What is a prerequisite for the development of chronic arterial hypertension?

What is a characteristic of hypervolemic hypertension?

Which of the following is not a vascular disease that can lead to symptomatic hypertension?

What is the role of the hereditary factor in the development of hypertension?

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