40 Questions
What is the primary clinical sign of Hypertonic disease?
A prolonged and persistent increase in blood pressure
Who described Hypertonic disease as a 'disease of unreacted emotions'?
Dr. G.F. Lang
What is Hypertonic disease most closely associated with?
Economically developed countries experiencing all increasing tension in the psycho-emotional sphere
Who is more likely to develop Hypertonic disease?
Men in the second half of life
How does Hypertonic disease differ from symptomatic hypertension?
Symptomatic hypertension is a secondary condition to many diseases
Which of the following is NOT a typical sign of hypertension?
Atherosclerosis in large arteries
What causes the development of arteriole hyalinosis or arteriolosclerosis?
Spasm of the vessel
In which arteries does elastofibrosis and stenosing atherosclerosis occur?
Arteries of the heart, brain, kidneys
What happens to the mass of the heart in the later stages of hypertension?
It can reach 900-1000 g
What contributes to the development of dystrophic and necrobiotic changes in myocardial fibers?
Myocardial hypoxia
Which clinical form is characteristic of hypertension and coronary heart disease?
Cardiac form
What leads to hypertrophied heart cavities in hypertension?
Eccentric myocardial hypertrophy
Which condition of the arteries leads to the development of diffuse small-focal cardiosclerosis?
Atherosclerosis
What is the underlying cause of secondary changes in organs due to hypertension?
Arteriolo- and atherosclerotic vascular occlusion
Which symptom is a characteristic sign of a hypertensive crisis?
Plasma impregnation of arterioles
What is the typical outcome of arteriolonecrosis of the kidneys in the absence of hemodialysis?
Death
What is the morphological expression of malignant hypertension in the kidneys?
Arteriolonecrosis
What is the result of insufficient blood supply and hypoxia in the kidneys in chronic benign hypertension?
Atrophy of the tubular part of most nephrons
What is the characteristic change in the optic nerve papilla in hypertension?
Edema
What is the outcome of arteriole hyalinosis in the kidneys?
Arteriolosclerotic nephrosclerosis
What is the change in the adrenal glands in hypertension?
Hyperplasia of the medulla and cortical layers
What system plays a crucial role in the regulation of arterial pressure and is involved in the excretion of sodium and water?
All of the above
What is the primary link in the genesis of essential hypertension according to the 'membrane theory'?
Genetic defect in cell membranes
What is the result of a hypertensive crisis in malignant hypertension?
Infarctions and hemorrhages
What is the characteristic morphological manifestation of a hypertensive crisis?
Corrugation of the basement membrane of the endothelium
What is the prevalence of malignant hypertension currently?
Rare
What is the characteristic change in the heart during the preclinical stage of hypertension?
Moderate compensatory hypertrophy of the left ventricle
What is the role of hereditary factors in the pathogenesis of hypertension?
Confirmed by experimental studies
What is the result of a genetic defect in cell membranes according to the 'membrane theory'?
Change in the contractile properties of vascular smooth muscles
What is the role of the renal factor in the pathogenesis of hypertension?
Closing the 'vicious circle' of hypertension
What are some diseases of the central nervous system that can lead to symptomatic hypertension?
All of the above
Which of the following is a disease of the endocrine system that can lead to symptomatic hypertension?
All of the above
What role does psycho-emotional overstrain play in the development of hypertension?
All of the above
Which of the following is a reflex factor that can lead to the development of hypertension?
Both a and b
Which of the following hormones is not involved in the regulation of blood pressure?
None of the above
What is the 'kidney switching' phenomenon that can lead to chronic arterial hypertension?
All of the above
What is a prerequisite for the development of chronic arterial hypertension?
Shift in the curve of dependence of the excretory function of the kidney on the value of systolic blood pressure towards its higher values
What is a characteristic of hypervolemic hypertension?
Increase in the mass of circulating blood
Which of the following is not a vascular disease that can lead to symptomatic hypertension?
None of the above
What is the role of the hereditary factor in the development of hypertension?
It plays a great role in the occurrence of hypertension
Learn about hypertonic disease, a chronic condition characterized by prolonged high blood pressure. Explore its neurogenic nature and connection to unreacted emotions. Understand its prevalence in urbanized and developed countries.
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