Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which cell type plays a role in adaptive immunity by releasing compounds that mediate responses to helminths and allergic disease?
Which cell type plays a role in adaptive immunity by releasing compounds that mediate responses to helminths and allergic disease?
- Mast cells (correct)
- Macrophages
- T cells
- B cells
What is the role of Fc-epsilon receptors in IgE-mediated immunity?
What is the role of Fc-epsilon receptors in IgE-mediated immunity?
- Inhibit allergic responses
- Stimulate B cell proliferation
- Activate T cells
- Facilitate binding of IgE to mast cells (correct)
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is associated with tissue damage and possible death?
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is associated with tissue damage and possible death?
- Type IV
- Type I (correct)
- Type II
- Type III
What is the primary function of the immune response?
What is the primary function of the immune response?
Which type of foreign substance can activate the immune system?
Which type of foreign substance can activate the immune system?
What is the inherit ability in the context of hypersensitivity reactions?
What is the inherit ability in the context of hypersensitivity reactions?
What is the one sentence summary of hypersensitivity reactions?
What is the one sentence summary of hypersensitivity reactions?
Which type of contact dermatitis is often an occupational disease?
Which type of contact dermatitis is often an occupational disease?
What is a key requirement for sensitization in allergic contact dermatitis?
What is a key requirement for sensitization in allergic contact dermatitis?
Which cell types are involved in the formation of tissue granuloma?
Which cell types are involved in the formation of tissue granuloma?
In which type of reaction is the allergen specific?
In which type of reaction is the allergen specific?
What type of damage is caused by the size and location of granuloma?
What type of damage is caused by the size and location of granuloma?
Which type of contact dermatitis follows soon after removal of the irritant?
Which type of contact dermatitis follows soon after removal of the irritant?
What is the tissue origin of the cell types involved in tissue granuloma?
What is the tissue origin of the cell types involved in tissue granuloma?
Which type of contact dermatitis may take some time for the resolution of symptoms?
Which type of contact dermatitis may take some time for the resolution of symptoms?
In which type of contact dermatitis is a history of contact with the potential chemical key to diagnosis?
In which type of contact dermatitis is a history of contact with the potential chemical key to diagnosis?
What is atopy?
What is atopy?
What characterizes Type I hypersensitivity?
What characterizes Type I hypersensitivity?
What is the major clinical feature of anaphylaxis?
What is the major clinical feature of anaphylaxis?
What happens upon first exposure to an allergen in atopic individuals?
What happens upon first exposure to an allergen in atopic individuals?
What is the most common clinical expression of atopic hypersensitivity?
What is the most common clinical expression of atopic hypersensitivity?
What are allergens?
What are allergens?
What characterizes Type II hypersensitivity?
What characterizes Type II hypersensitivity?
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is cell-mediated and typically shows a 2-7 day delay with minimal tissue damage and a large influx of macrophages?
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is cell-mediated and typically shows a 2-7 day delay with minimal tissue damage and a large influx of macrophages?
Which clinical situation is a Type III hypersensitivity reaction characterized by symptoms such as fever, weakness, rashes, and edema?
Which clinical situation is a Type III hypersensitivity reaction characterized by symptoms such as fever, weakness, rashes, and edema?
What are the clinical situations associated with Type II hypersensitivity reactions?
What are the clinical situations associated with Type II hypersensitivity reactions?
What is the characteristic skin reaction used to indicate a positive tuberculin skin test?
What is the characteristic skin reaction used to indicate a positive tuberculin skin test?
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves immune complex mediated inflammation and tissue damage?
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves immune complex mediated inflammation and tissue damage?
What is the characteristic feature of allergic contact dermatitis?
What is the characteristic feature of allergic contact dermatitis?
What is the mechanism behind the skin reaction in allergic contact dermatitis upon exposure to the same allergen?
What is the mechanism behind the skin reaction in allergic contact dermatitis upon exposure to the same allergen?
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Study Notes
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Types and Clinical Situations
- Type II hypersensitivity clinical situations include incompatible blood transfusion reactions, hemolytic disease of the newborn, autoimmune hemolytic anemias, and autoimmune diseases.
- Type III hypersensitivity is immune complex mediated and can lead to inflammation and tissue damage when immune complexes are formed in excess and deposit in tissue and blood vessel walls.
- Type III hypersensitivity clinical situations include persistent infections like malaria, leprosy, autoimmune diseases such as SLE and dermatomyositis, and inhaled antigens like Farmer's lung and bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.
- Symptoms of serum sickness, a type III hypersensitivity clinical situation, include fever, weakness, rashes, and edema.
- Type IV hypersensitivity, also known as Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), is cell-mediated and typically shows a 2-7 day delay with minimal tissue damage and a large influx of macrophages.
- Type IV hypersensitivity reactions include allergic contact dermatitis, tuberculin skin test, DTH associated with autoimmunity, and granulomatous disease.
- Allergic contact dermatitis is characterized by skin inflammation, pruritic papules, and vesicles on an erythematous base, and can be caused by allergens like nickel, preservatives, dyes, and fragrances.
- Allergic contact dermatitis begins when a contact allergen enters the skin and is taken up by antigen-presenting Langerhans cells, which then activate allergen-specific T cells in the skin to release inflammatory cytokines.
- Skin eruptions in allergic contact dermatitis appear as erythema, swelling, vesiculation, blistering, scaling, and weeping, and are typically pruritic.
- Patch testing for allergic contact dermatitis is based on the memory response, where antigen-specific memory T-cells in the skin are activated upon exposure to the same allergen, leading to a positive reaction.
- Tuberculin skin test is used for screening for tuberculosis by injecting PPD intradermally and reading the skin reaction 48-72 hours later, with a positive test indicated by induration.
- Candida normally lives on the skin and inside the body without causing problems, and poison ivy-induced contact dermatitis involves a CD8+ CTL response.
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