Hypersensitivity Overview and Types

<p>The recipient's immune system produces antibodies against the incompatible antigens, leading to a transfusion reaction. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type I involves IgE antibodies, while Type II involves IgG or IgM antibodies. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure the blood type of the donor matches the recipient's blood type, preventing immune reactions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mother with Rh-negative blood produces antibodies against Rh-positive antigens present on the fetus's red blood cells, potentially leading to hemolysis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are always mild and resolve without medical intervention. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Rh+ child's blood cells do not enter the mother's system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Production of antibodies that can cross the placenta and attack fetal Rh+ blood cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hemolytic disease of the newborn (A), Erythroblastosis fetalis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Filtering and removing damaged red blood cells from the circulation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It neutralizes any Rh+ blood cells that may have entered the mother's system during the pregnancy. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mother's immune system becoming sensitive to Rh+ blood cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Third trimester (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To effectively neutralize any Rh+ blood cells that enter the mother's system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Foreign substances called allergens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type II Hypersensitivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An exaggerated immune response to a foreign substance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It targets specific antigens present on cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Release of histamine from mast cells upon antigen exposure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type III Hypersensitivity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduce the immune response to allergens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves T-cells recognizing specific antigens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To stimulate B cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IgE (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It gradually reduces the sensitivity to allergens. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mast cells undergo degranulation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IgG antibodies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They prevent B cells from maturing into plasma cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mast cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They relieve but do not cure the disorder. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The fetus is unharmed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mother producing a strong secondary immune response. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An antigen present on red blood cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rh factor incompatibility. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They cause complement-mediated lysis of fetal cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They react with cell surface antigens interpreted as foreign. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Causes destruction of the cells to which antibodies are attached. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To produce antibodies against specific allergens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mast cell receptors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shock due to low blood pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IL-4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased blood vessel dilation and fluid loss (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Environmental antigens like dust and molds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dilate blood vessels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The binding of allergens to IgE antibodies on mast cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytokines (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Degranulation of mast cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An exaggerated or inappropriate immune response to an allergen.

Immediate allergic reaction caused by previous exposure to allergens.

Severe, life-threatening allergic reaction from allergens.

Cytotoxic reaction caused by antibodies against own cells.

Reaction elicited by immune complexes in blood or tissues.

Delayed hypersensitivity mediated by T-cells, not antibodies.

Immunotherapy process to reduce sensitivity to allergens.

Includes T-cells, B-cells, and various antibodies.

Lymphocytes that produce antibodies in response to allergens.

Differentiated B cells that secrete antibodies, specifically IgE.

A type of antibody produced by plasma cells to combat allergens.

Cells that release histamines during an allergic reaction.

Signaling proteins that aid in cell communication and immune responses.

The process where mast cells release stored chemicals like histamine.

Chemicals released by mast cells causing inflammation and allergic symptoms.

A severe allergic reaction affecting the entire body, can cause shock.

A life-threatening condition with insufficient blood flow to vital organs.

A substance that triggers an allergic reaction in sensitive individuals.

Methods to reduce allergy symptoms but not cure the disorder.

Natural exposure to allergens activates the immune response via helper T cells.

Immunoglobulin E helps in allergic reactions by binding to allergens.

Modified allergen that prevents IgE production by B cells.

The process where cells are killed due to antibody binding and complement activation.

A group of proteins that enhance the ability of antibodies to kill pathogens or infected cells.

A mechanism where immune cells kill target cells that are coated with antibodies.

An immune response when incompatible blood types are mixed, causing blood cell destruction.

Classification of human blood based on the presence of A and B antigens on red cells.

A condition where maternal antibodies attack fetal red blood cells due to Rh incompatibility.

Molecules on cell surfaces that trigger immune responses when recognized by antibodies.

Determining blood type based on antigens present.

An antigen present on red blood cells.

Condition caused by Rh incompatibility.

Initial response to a foreign antigen with antibodies.

Cell destruction facilitated by the complement system.

A condition where an Rh- mother creates antibodies against Rh+ fetal blood cells.

Antibodies produced by an Rh- mother when exposed to Rh+ blood.

Cells that remain in the body and trigger an immune response in later pregnancies.

Occurs during childbirth when some fetal blood enters the mother's circulation.

Condition resulting from Rh incompatibility leading to destruction of fetal red blood cells.

Injections given to Rh- mothers to prevent antibody formation against Rh+ blood.

Enlargement of these organs due to efforts in removing damaged red blood cells.

The initial Rh immune-globulin shot is given around the 28th week of pregnancy.