Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary cause of Milk-alkali Syndrome?
What is the primary cause of Milk-alkali Syndrome?
- Widespread use of calcium carbonate as prophylaxis for osteoporosis (correct)
- Granulomatous disorders like sarcoidosis
- Excessive intake of vitamin D
- Metastatic bone cancer
Which of the following is a common manifestation of Milk-alkali Syndrome?
Which of the following is a common manifestation of Milk-alkali Syndrome?
- Hypoglycemia
- Hypercalcemia (correct)
- Hypertension
- Hypocalcemia
What is the underlying mechanism for hypercalcemia in granulomatous disorders?
What is the underlying mechanism for hypercalcemia in granulomatous disorders?
- Increased bone resorption
- Decreased parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion
- Decreased renal calcium reabsorption
- Increased vitamin D synthesis by macrophages in granulomatous tissue (correct)
What is the primary mechanism of hypercalcemia in Humoral Hypercalcemia of Malignancy (HHM)?
What is the primary mechanism of hypercalcemia in Humoral Hypercalcemia of Malignancy (HHM)?
Which of the following cancers is LEAST likely to be associated with Humoral Hypercalcemia of Malignancy (HHM)?
Which of the following cancers is LEAST likely to be associated with Humoral Hypercalcemia of Malignancy (HHM)?
Which of the following is a common granulomatous disorder that can lead to hypercalcemia?
Which of the following is a common granulomatous disorder that can lead to hypercalcemia?
What is the main reason for parathyroid gland hyperplasia due to resistance to PTH?
What is the main reason for parathyroid gland hyperplasia due to resistance to PTH?
What is the mechanism behind hypercalcemia in malignancy-related cases with bone metastases?
What is the mechanism behind hypercalcemia in malignancy-related cases with bone metastases?
In conditions with hypercalcemia without bone metastases, which hormone is responsible for the increase in calcium levels?
In conditions with hypercalcemia without bone metastases, which hormone is responsible for the increase in calcium levels?
Which type of cancer is not associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM)?
Which type of cancer is not associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM)?
How does humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) differ from hypercalcemia with bone metastases?
How does humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) differ from hypercalcemia with bone metastases?
What is the primary cause of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy?
What is the primary cause of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy?
Which of the following statements about PTHrP is true?
Which of the following statements about PTHrP is true?
What is the primary difference between the effects of PTH and PTHrP?
What is the primary difference between the effects of PTH and PTHrP?
In the context of hypercalcemia of malignancy, what is the purpose of measuring PTHrP levels?
In the context of hypercalcemia of malignancy, what is the purpose of measuring PTHrP levels?
Which of the following statements about the intact PTH assay is true?
Which of the following statements about the intact PTH assay is true?
Which of the following is a characteristic of hypoparathyroidism?
Which of the following is a characteristic of hypoparathyroidism?
