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What is the science of health and maintenance?
What is the science of health and maintenance?
Hygiene
What is the self-care practice that includes activities like bathing, toileting, and grooming?
What is the self-care practice that includes activities like bathing, toileting, and grooming?
Personal hygiene
What are two factors that determine hygiene?
What are two factors that determine hygiene?
What are the purposes of hygiene?
What are the purposes of hygiene?
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Which of the following is NOT included in the care of personal hygiene?
Which of the following is NOT included in the care of personal hygiene?
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What type of care is provided to clients as they awaken in the morning?
What type of care is provided to clients as they awaken in the morning?
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What is the most likely time for providing morning care?
What is the most likely time for providing morning care?
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What is the name for care provided to clients before they retire for the night?
What is the name for care provided to clients before they retire for the night?
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What type of care is provided as needed by the client?
What type of care is provided as needed by the client?
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What is a client who is sweating profusely likely to need more frequently?
What is a client who is sweating profusely likely to need more frequently?
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The type of hygienic care provided is based on the client's ability, needs, and practices.
The type of hygienic care provided is based on the client's ability, needs, and practices.
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Nurses rarely use specific terms to describe types of hygiene care.
Nurses rarely use specific terms to describe types of hygiene care.
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What is the name of the care provided to clients before they go to bed?
What is the name of the care provided to clients before they go to bed?
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Early morning care includes washing the face and hands.
Early morning care includes washing the face and hands.
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What is one of the most important considerations when planning a client's bath?
What is one of the most important considerations when planning a client's bath?
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Hygiene care is not influenced by cultural factors.
Hygiene care is not influenced by cultural factors.
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Which factor can affect available resources for bathing, especially for homeless individuals?
Which factor can affect available resources for bathing, especially for homeless individuals?
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What are the basic functions of the skin?
What are the basic functions of the skin?
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The skin is not involved in regulating body temperature.
The skin is not involved in regulating body temperature.
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What kind of assessment is used to determine a client's skin care practices?
What kind of assessment is used to determine a client's skin care practices?
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A nursing health history helps determine the client's self-care abilities.
A nursing health history helps determine the client's self-care abilities.
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What factors are important when choosing a bathing method for a client?
What factors are important when choosing a bathing method for a client?
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What aspects of the skin are assessed during a physical assessment?
What aspects of the skin are assessed during a physical assessment?
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Physical assessment of the skin is only conducted when the client is bathing.
Physical assessment of the skin is only conducted when the client is bathing.
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What can alert a nurse to the need for specific nursing interventions or referrals?
What can alert a nurse to the need for specific nursing interventions or referrals?
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Which of these conditions can be considered a past or current skin problem?
Which of these conditions can be considered a past or current skin problem?
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What are common examples of skin problems?
What are common examples of skin problems?
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Acne is a non-inflammatory skin condition.
Acne is a non-inflammatory skin condition.
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Erythema is always caused by sun exposure.
Erythema is always caused by sun exposure.
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Hirsutism is excessive hair growth that occurs only in males.
Hirsutism is excessive hair growth that occurs only in males.
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Clients with limited joint mobility can be at risk for hygiene-related issues.
Clients with limited joint mobility can be at risk for hygiene-related issues.
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Clients at risk for hygiene-related problems include those who are:
Clients at risk for hygiene-related problems include those who are:
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What nursing diagnosis is used for clients who have trouble performing hygiene care?
What nursing diagnosis is used for clients who have trouble performing hygiene care?
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Which of these is NOT a nursing diagnosis related to Self-Care Deficit?
Which of these is NOT a nursing diagnosis related to Self-Care Deficit?
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What are some common etiologies of Self-Care Deficit?
What are some common etiologies of Self-Care Deficit?
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Lack of experience with skin conditions like acne is not a factor in Self-Care Deficit.
Lack of experience with skin conditions like acne is not a factor in Self-Care Deficit.
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Unfamiliarity with devices designed to aid in toileting can lead to Self-Care Deficit.
Unfamiliarity with devices designed to aid in toileting can lead to Self-Care Deficit.
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A visible skin problem can contribute to Situational Low Self-Esteem.
A visible skin problem can contribute to Situational Low Self-Esteem.
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Body odor is not a potential factor in Situational Low Self-Esteem.
Body odor is not a potential factor in Situational Low Self-Esteem.
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Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity is not related to Self-Care Deficit.
Risk for Impaired Skin Integrity is not related to Self-Care Deficit.
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Which of these is the most appropriate nursing diagnosis for a client who has difficulty eating independently?
Which of these is the most appropriate nursing diagnosis for a client who has difficulty eating independently?
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In planning care, the nurse, client, or family may set outcomes for each nursing diagnosis.
In planning care, the nurse, client, or family may set outcomes for each nursing diagnosis.
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What are common goals for hygiene care planning?
What are common goals for hygiene care planning?
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Which of these is NOT considered in planning hygiene care?
Which of these is NOT considered in planning hygiene care?
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The best time to administer hygiene care is always the same for every client.
The best time to administer hygiene care is always the same for every client.
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It is not important to consider client comfort when determining the gender of the caregiver for hygiene care.
It is not important to consider client comfort when determining the gender of the caregiver for hygiene care.
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The nurse performs interventions and activities to achieve client outcomes during the implementation phase.
The nurse performs interventions and activities to achieve client outcomes during the implementation phase.
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Which of these is NOT a common intervention in hygiene care implementation?
Which of these is NOT a common intervention in hygiene care implementation?
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What are general guidelines for skin care?
What are general guidelines for skin care?
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Agents used for skin care have no specific actions or purposes.
Agents used for skin care have no specific actions or purposes.
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What are the purposes of bathing?
What are the purposes of bathing?
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Bathing does not have a positive impact on morale and appearance.
Bathing does not have a positive impact on morale and appearance.
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What are the main categories of baths?
What are the main categories of baths?
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Cleaning baths are only for therapeutic purposes.
Cleaning baths are only for therapeutic purposes.
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What type of bath involves the nurse washing the entire body of a dependent client?
What type of bath involves the nurse washing the entire body of a dependent client?
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Self-help bed baths are entirely independent and require no assistance from the nurse.
Self-help bed baths are entirely independent and require no assistance from the nurse.
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What is another term for a partial bath?
What is another term for a partial bath?
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A bag bath is performed by using presoaked washcloths warmed in a microwave
A bag bath is performed by using presoaked washcloths warmed in a microwave
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Tub baths are never preferred over bed baths.
Tub baths are never preferred over bed baths.
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Sponge baths are typically used for newborns.
Sponge baths are typically used for newborns.
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Showers are only recommended for non-ambulatory clients.
Showers are only recommended for non-ambulatory clients.
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The water temperature for bathing should be cold for optimal hygiene.
The water temperature for bathing should be cold for optimal hygiene.
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Therapeutic baths do not require a physician’s order.
Therapeutic baths do not require a physician’s order.
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The water temperature and body surface to be treated are not important factors in therapeutic baths.
The water temperature and body surface to be treated are not important factors in therapeutic baths.
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Medications are not typically used in therapeutic baths.
Medications are not typically used in therapeutic baths.
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What is a common reason to administer a therapeutic bath?
What is a common reason to administer a therapeutic bath?
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Therapeutic baths are always administered in a shower.
Therapeutic baths are always administered in a shower.
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Client teaching should never include instructions on how to care for dry skin.
Client teaching should never include instructions on how to care for dry skin.
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Skin rashes require special treatment.
Skin rashes require special treatment.
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It is always safe to scratch a skin rash.
It is always safe to scratch a skin rash.
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Wearing cotton clothes is not advisable for individuals with skin rashes.
Wearing cotton clothes is not advisable for individuals with skin rashes.
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Acne is a common skin condition that usually requires no treatment.
Acne is a common skin condition that usually requires no treatment.
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Using oily creams on acne-prone skin is recommended.
Using oily creams on acne-prone skin is recommended.
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Squeezing acne lesions is a safe and effective way to clear them.
Squeezing acne lesions is a safe and effective way to clear them.
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Cosmetics that block the sebaceous gland are not helpful in treating acne.
Cosmetics that block the sebaceous gland are not helpful in treating acne.
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Study Notes
Hygiene
- Hygiene is the science of health and maintenance
- Personal hygiene involves self-care activities like bathing, toileting, and grooming
- Hygiene is a highly personal matter influenced by individual values and practices
- Its purpose includes promoting cleanliness, comfort, relaxation, self-image, and healthy skin
- It encompasses care for skin, hair, nails, teeth, mouth, eyes, ears, and the perineal area
Hygienic Care
- The type of care provided depends on the client's ability, needs, and practices
- Common types include:
- Early morning care (provided to clients as they awaken, involves urinal/bedpan, face/hand washing, oral care)
- Morning care (often provided after breakfast, includes elimination needs, bathing/showering, perineal care, back massages, nail/hair care, and making the bed)
- Hour of sleep/Afternoon care (provided before clients retire, involves elimination needs, face/hand washing, oral care, and back massage)
- As-needed care (provided as needed by a client, like if someone is sweating profusely)
Factors Influencing Hygiene
- Culture (ceremonial washing practices)
- Environment and socioeconomic status (finances affect resources for bathing, e.g., homelessness)
- Developmental level
- Health and energy levels
- Personal preferences (type of bath, time of bathing)
Functions of the Skin
- Protection
- Body temperature regulation
- Sensation
- Excretion
- Maintaining water and electrolyte balance
- Vitamin D production in conjunction with sunlight
Assessing Skin and Hygiene Practices
- Assessment includes:
- Nursing health history (determines client's skin care practices, preferences)
- Important considerations include: client balance for tub/shower, activity tolerance (fatigue, pain), coordination, vision, appropriate range of motion, muscle strength, client preferences, cognitive and motivational levels, client's functional levels (0-4, completely independent-totally dependent)
- Physical assessment (inspection and palpation)
- Data collected includes skin color, uniformity of color, texture, turgor, temperature, intactness, and lesions -Presence of past or current skin problems (abrasions, dryness, ammonia dermatitis, acne, erythema, hirsutism) alerts the nurse to specific interventions or referrals for the client.
- Nursing health history (determines client's skin care practices, preferences)
- This assessment informs appropriate care plans.
Common Skin Problems
- Abrasions: superficial skin damage
- Excessive dryness: rough skin
- Ammonia dermatitis (Diaper rash): skin irritation due to bacteria and urea
- Acne: inflammatory skin condition
- Erythema: redness
- Hirsutism: excessive hair growth
At-Risk Clients
- Limited joint mobility
- Dehydration
- Chemotherapy or radiation therapy
- Immunosuppression
- Reduced sensation
- Chronic disease
- Excessive secretion
- Malnourished
- Limited sensory ability
- Presence of external devices/tubes
Nursing Diagnoses
- Self-Care Deficit (used for clients with concerns performing hygiene care)
- Self-Care Deficit: Bathing
- Self-Care Deficit: Dressing
- Self-Care Deficit: Toileting
- Self-Care Deficit: Feeding
- Possible associated diagnoses related to self-care deficit: knowledge deficit, lack of experience, unfamiliar devices, low self-esteem
Etiology of Self-Care Deficits
- Decreased or lack of motivation
- Weakness or tiredness
- Pain or discomfort
- Perceptual or cognitive impairment
- Neuromuscular or musculoskeletal impairment
- Medically imposed restrictions
- Therapeutic procedures that restrict mobility (e.g., IVs, casts)
- Severe anxiety
- Environmental barriers
Planning
- In planning care, the nurse, if appropriate, and/or family set outcomes for each nursing diagnosis
- Goals include increasing self-care ability, patient knowledge, promoting self-esteem, and preventing complications like bed ulcers.
Planning in Assisting Clients with Hygiene
- Client's personal preferences
- Client's health limitations
- Best time to provide care
- Available equipment, facilities, and personnel
- Assessing client comfort (gender considerations)
Implementation
- Interventions and activities to achieve client outcomes
- Assisting dependent clients with bathing, skin care, and perineal care
- Providing back massages to promote circulation
- Instructing clients/families about hygiene practices
- Demonstrating assistive equipment usage
General Skin Care Guidelines
- Intact skin is the body's first line of defense
- Degree to which skin protects underlying tissue depends on general health, cell health, and skin dryness.
- Moisture can lead to bacterial growth and irritation
- Body odor is caused by resident bacteria and body secretions.
- Skin sensitivity to irritation and injury varies.
Implementing Bathing
- Purpose of bathing includes removing oils, perspiration, dead skin cells, and some bacteria
- Stimulates circulation
- Promotes well-being, morale, appearance, and self-respect
- Offers a chance for the nurse to assess clients.
Categories of Baths
- Cleaning baths (hygiene purposes)
- Complete bed bath: nurse washes entire body
- Partial bath: focuses on specific areas
- Self-help bath: client takes part but with aide
- Bag bath: utilizes warm cloths and a cleanser.
- Therapeutic baths (requires physician's order)
- Temperature, body area, medicated solutions used
Client Teaching
- Dry skin: use cleansing creams instead of soaps, use bath oils, minimize rinsing soap, increase fluid intake, use moisturizing creams.
- Skin rashes: keep area clean and dry, relive itching with lotions. Avoid scratching/avoid harsh fabrics.
- Acne: wash face frequently with soap/hot water, avoid oily creams/cosmetics that block sebaceous glands. Do not squeeze lesions.
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Description
This quiz explores the fundamental concepts of hygiene, focusing on personal hygiene practices and the different types of hygienic care. It covers the importance of cleanliness, comfort, and self-care activities, as well as the specific needs and practices involved in providing care. Test your knowledge on maintaining health and promoting well-being.
