Hydroponic Plant Transformation Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Match the following media types with their characteristics in plant transformation assays:

Solid Murashige and Skoog medium = Slow to produce large amounts of biomass Liquid Murashige and Skoog medium = Allows for efficient root sterilization Hydroponic (liquid medium) = Enables production of large quantities of plant roots Semi-solid Murashige and Skoog medium = Contains 1% sucrose for seedling growth

Match the following sucrose concentrations with their corresponding growth media for Taraxacum kok-saghyz seedlings:

0.25% = Liquid ½ MS medium 0.5% = Semi-solid ½ MS medium 1% = Liquid ½ MS medium 2% = Semi-solid ½ MS medium

Match the following vessel types with their associated growth media for Taraxacum kok-saghyz seedlings:

Magenta™ GA7 vessels = Containing either liquid or semi-solid ½ MS medium Hydroponic vessels = Filled ¾ full with liquid ½ MS media and anchored with expanded clay balls Solid Murashige and Skoog medium = Contains 1% sucrose for seedling growth Semi-solid Murashige and Skoog medium = Used for 14-day growth of seedlings

Match the following experimental conditions with their effects on plant growth:

Hydroponic growth = 10 times larger growth than semi-solid media Sucrose concentration in liquid medium = Inhibited seedling growth at 3% concentration Nutrient levels and lighting conditions = May be further optimized in future experiments Expanded clay pebbles = Provide excellent anchorage for growing roots and allow easy harvest for subsequent subculturing or tissue analysis Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statistical analysis methods with their applications:

One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) = Compare methods Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) post hoc test = Compare groups and identify significant differences R v. 3.4.0 software = Used for analysis Mean comparison letters = Shown where significant differences were found Signup and view all the answers

Match the following plant tissue handling techniques with their descriptions:

Aseptic technique for placing seedlings in vessels = Using forceps and sterilizing vessels with ethanol Harvesting tissue for analysis = Sterilizing the outside of the vessel with ethanol, using forceps, and separating roots and shoots Quantifying root/shoot fresh weights and lengths = Using a balance and ruler to measure weights and lengths Blotting plants on sterile paper towels = After removing from vessels using forceps Signup and view all the answers

Match the following plant growth characteristics with their descriptions:

Effect of sucrose concentrations on seedling growth = Little effect on seedling growth on semi-solid media Root and shoot biomass in liquid medium = Root biomass increased with sucrose level, but shoot biomass did not significantly increase Comparison of hydroponic and semi-solid growth = Hydroponically-grown plants grew up to 10 times larger than those on semi-solid media Effect of 3% sucrose in liquid media = Inhibited seedling growth Signup and view all the answers

Match the following methods with their descriptions:

Agrobacterium rhizogenes root transformation = Rapid plant transformation method developed for TK Hydroponic culture = Has low adoption due to growth of unwanted micro-organisms in nutrient-rich medium Axenic plant hydroponic culture = Limited to cell culture or callus grown in suspension Tissue culture plants in liquid media = Grew significantly faster compared to solid media in a preliminary experiment Signup and view all the answers

Match the following challenges with their solutions:

Sufficient root production for experimentation = Common hurdle in stable and transient root transformation methods Traditional sterile tissue cultured plants = Grow slowly on semi-solid medium in autoclavable vessels Whole plant cultures must be oxygenated = Delicate root structures may be damaged by a shaker table Axenic culturing system for small-scale rapid root production = Described as easily implementable in the text Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components with their role in the hydroponic apparatus:

Autoclavable Magenta vessels = Part of the hydroponic apparatus Expanded clay balls = Part of the hydroponic apparatus Aeration hose fitted with a 20 μm filter = Part of the hydroponic apparatus Sucrose addition from 0.25 to 2% = Correlated with an increase in biomass accumulation in plants grown in liquid media Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Improved Axenic Hydroponic Method for Plant Transformation Studies

Taraxacum kok-saghyz (TK) is a root propagable plant that produces high-quality natural rubber in its roots.
TK requires modern molecular methods for domestication due to being wild-collected.
A rapid plant transformation method using Agrobacterium rhizogenes root transformation was developed for TK.
Sufficient root production for experimentation is a common hurdle in stable and transient root transformation methods.
Traditional sterile tissue cultured plants grow slowly on semi-solid medium in autoclavable vessels.
Hydroponic culture has low adoption due to the growth of unwanted micro-organisms in the nutrient-rich medium.
Axenic plant hydroponic culture has been limited to cell culture or callus grown in suspension.
Whole plant cultures must be oxygenated, but delicate root structures may be damaged by a shaker table.
An easily implementable axenic culturing system for small-scale rapid root production is described.
In a preliminary experiment, TK tissue culture plants grew significantly faster in liquid media compared to solid media.
Addition of sucrose from 0.25 to 2% correlated with an increase in biomass accumulation in plants grown in liquid media.
The hydroponic apparatus consists of autoclavable Magenta vessels with expanded clay balls and aeration hose fitted with a 20 μm filter.