Hydrology Quiz: Concepts and Measurements
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Questions and Answers

What does the area-elevation curve represent in hydrology?

  • The relationship between rainfall intensity and duration.
  • The portion of a river basin located above a specified elevation. (correct)
  • The total precipitation over a river basin.
  • The average depth of water in a specific area.

    • Which of the following best describes an automatic station in hydrology?

  • A station equipped with satellite-based measurement tools.
  • A station that records and transmits observations automatically. (correct)
  • An analysis center for weather patterns and trends.
  • A facility where manual measurements of rainfall are taken daily.

    • In the context of rainfall, what does the areal reduction factor represent?

  • The difference between point rainfall and basin rainfall.
  • The average rainfall over a larger area compared to a singular point. (correct)
  • The total volume of water collected in a rain gauge.
  • The ratio of daily precipitation to monthly precipitation totals.

    • What is the arithmetic mean typically used to represent?

    <p>The sum divided by the number of values in a data set.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding areal precipitation is true?

    <p>It is expressed as the average depth of liquid water across the area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'datum level' refer to?

    <p>The horizontal surface used as a reference to which elevations are related</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the coefficient of variation measure?

    <p>The ratio of standard deviation to the mean.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines 'depletion curve'?

    <p>Curve illustrating a decreasing rate of runoff due to depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a compound weir consist of?

    <p>Two or more sections of different types and/or dimensions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'detention storage' include?

    <p>Surface and channel detention storage, excluding depression storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a deterministic system in terms of response to input?

    <p>Its output is uniquely determined by a given input at any time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In statistical terms, what does a confidence interval represent?

    <p>An interval including the true value with a prescribed probability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes a 'design storm'?

    <p>It adopts rainfall amount and distribution over a specified drainage area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is direct runoff defined as?

    <p>Part of surface runoff that quickly reaches the catchment outlet after rain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes conditional probability?

    <p>The probability of an event given certain conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'depth-area-duration analysis' provide insights into?

    <p>The areal distribution of precipitation from storms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the volume of water required to fill small depressions to overflow?

    <p>Depression storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the discharge coefficient represent?

    <p>The ratio of actual discharge to theoretically computed discharge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the continuity equation describe?

    <p>The conservation of mass of flowing matter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a crest gauge?

    <p>To record the highest water stage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a discharge hydrograph?

    <p>To show variations in hydrological data like discharge over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the 'decay rate' defined in hydrological terms?

    <p>The reduction of concentration of a quantity over time, expressed by its half-life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a drought index measure?

    <p>The cumulative moisture deficiency's impact over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the correlation coefficient defined?

    <p>As the covariance of two variates divided by the product of their standard deviations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a 'design flood'?

    <p>To establish peak discharge for hydraulic structures considering economic and hydrological factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cup-type current meter primarily used for?

    <p>Measuring the velocity of water at a specific point.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is drainage density calculated?

    <p>By dividing total channel-segment lengths by the surface area of the drainage area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a double mass curve represent?

    <p>Plot of accumulated values of one variable against contemporaneous values of another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What constitutes effective rainfall?

    <p>Rainfall that contributes to surface runoff.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the double-valued part of the rating curve associated with?

    <p>Higher values during river rising</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of a lysimeter?

    <p>To study various phases of the hydrological cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the mean velocity of a stream calculated?

    <p>Discharge divided by cross-sectional area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the mean monthly discharge represent?

    <p>The arithmetic mean of monthly mean discharges over a specified period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a measuring flume?

    <p>To measure discharge of waterflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor best describes a meander in a stream channel?

    <p>One curved portion with two consecutive loops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the maximum possible flood depend on?

    <p>Coincidence of heavy rainfall and maximum runoff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is measured by a measuring weir?

    <p>Discharge across a stream</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does effective rainfall represent in certain procedures where subsurface runoff is excluded?

    <p>Rainfall excess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of engineering hydrology?

    <p>Hydrological information for engineering applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes an ephemeral stream?

    <p>Flows only in response to precipitation or intermittent springs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an evaporimeter used for?

    <p>Measuring water evaporated into the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term evapotranspiration refer to?

    <p>Water transferred from soil to atmosphere by evaporation and transpiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What purpose does the envelope curve serve in hydrological analysis?

    <p>Represents boundary containing most known data points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of basin is specifically created to study modifications in the hydrological cycle?

    <p>Experimental basin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following distributions is commonly used to describe extreme rainfall data?

    <p>Weibull distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hydrology Terminology

    • Accumulative precipitation gauge: A precipitation gauge used at stations visited at infrequent intervals.
    • Active basin area: The basin area excluding undrained parts.
    • Actual evaporation: The amount of water evaporated from an open water surface or ground.
    • Actual evapotranspiration: The sum of water evaporated from soil and plants, when ground moisture is natural.
    • Advection: The process of air-mass property transfer by atmospheric velocity.
    • Altitude: Vertical distance from mean sea level.
    • Annual exceedence series: A series of values of independent events (e.g., floods) above a base value.
    • Annual flood: (1) The highest peak discharge in a water year; (2) A flood equalled or exceeded once per year on average.
    • Annual flow: Total water volume flowing out of a drainage area or river basin in a year.
    • Annual maximum series: A series of extreme values with the largest annual values.
    • Annual minimum series: A series of extreme values with the smallest annual values.
    • Annual runoff: Total volume of water flowing out of a drainage basin or river basin in a year.
    • Annual series: Hydrological data for each year representing a characteristic or element.
    • Annual storage: Volume of water a reservoir can store to meet fluctuating demand.
    • Annual storage capacity: Reservoir's capacity to handle seasonal variations in water inflow and demand.
    • Antecedent precipitation index: Weighted summation of past daily precipitation used as an index of soil moisture.

    Additional Hydrology Terms

    • Area-elevation curve: A plot portraying the relationship between a basin's elevation and its area.
    • Areal precipitation: Average precipitation depth over a defined area in liquid water.
    • Areal reduction factor (of rainfall): The ratio of mean areal rainfall (for a time period and return period) to mean point rainfall (for the same time period and return period) in the same area.
    • Arithmetic mean: The sum of values divided by their count.
    • Arithmetic mean: (1) sum of the values x1, x2,…, xn divided by their number, n. (2) first moment (about the origin) of a frequency distribution f(x).
    • Average velocity: Discharge per cross-sectional flow area; Discharge divided by crosssectional area.
    • Average year: A year where the observed hydrological data approximately equals the long-term average.
    • Bankfull discharge: Discharge that fills the stream to its banks.
    • Bankfull stage: Stage at which a stream just overflows its natural banks.
    • Base-width (of a flood hydrograph): Time interval between the beginning and end of the direct runoff.
    • Basin: Drainage area of a river, stream, or lake.
    • Basin response: The way a basin reacts to a meteorological event.
    • Basin response: How a watershed responds to an event.
    • Basin response: Manner in which a watershed reacts to a meteorological event or sequence of events
    • Bubble gauge: Gauge using a gas-purged system to measure water level.
    • Calibration: Experimental determination of the relationship between instrument reading and quantity to be measured.
    • Catchment: An area with a common outlet for surface runoff.
    • Catchment area: Area having a common outlet for its surface runoff.
    • Catchment response: How a basin reacts to a meteorological event or sequence of events
    • Channel frequency: Number of stream segments of all orders divided by the area.
    • Channel network: Arrangement of natural or man-made drainage channels.
    • Clear overflow weir: A weir where the flow is not submerged by the tailwater.

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    Hydrology Terminology Glossary PDF

    Description

    Test your understanding of key hydrology concepts with this quiz focusing on area-elevation curves, automatic stations, rainfall measurement, and areal precipitation. Each question is designed to assess your knowledge of important hydrological principles and applications. Perfect for students and professionals alike!

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