Hydrology Fundamentals

Hydrology is the study of water, encompassing its occurrence, movement, distribution, and properties on Earth and its relationship with the environment within each phase of the hydrologic cycle.

Scientific hydrology and engineering/applied hydrology.

The hydrologic cycle is the process that involves various aspects of water related to the Earth, including precipitation, evaporation, and condensation.

<p>A catchment area is the area of land draining into a stream or water course at a given location, and its areal extent is measured using a planimeter to trace the ridge on a topographic map.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water is essential for life on Earth because all plants and animals need it to survive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrology examines the occurrence, distribution, movement, and properties of water on the Earth's surface, in the soil, and within the atmosphere, whereas hydraulics is concerned with the mechanical properties of water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To create a reservoir of water at a higher elevation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Penstocks are channels and pipes that flow water from the reservoir to the turbines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through the principles of electromagnetic induction in generators coupled with turbines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To supplement natural precipitation and ensure consistent crop yields in regions where rainfall is insufficient or unreliable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electricity is transmitted through power lines to homes, businesses, and industries for various uses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water collection in a reservoir created by building a dam across a river or by utilizing a natural water source.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To assess available water sources for irrigation, including surface water bodies and groundwater aquifers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To design irrigation systems that efficiently convey water from its source to the agricultural fields or landscapes to be irrigated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To evenly distribute water across the irrigated area to meet the specific water requirements of different crops or vegetation types.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To develop strategies for managing water resources effectively, including scheduling irrigation timings, optimizing water application rates, and implementing water-saving technologies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deforestation significantly impacts the study of the movement, distribution, and management of water on Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The transmission of generated electricity through power lines to homes, businesses, and industries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evaporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Precipitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through transpiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transpiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infiltration is the downward entry of water into the surface of soil and rock, whereas percolation is the downward movement of water through soil and rock underground.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drizzle is characterized by tiny water droplets that appear to float in the air.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Surface runoff is the overland flow of water toward streams, while subsurface runoff is the rapid flow of water toward streams that occurs below the surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Snow consists of ice crystals in a flaky form, whereas sleet is frozen raindrops formed when rainfall passes through subfreezing air.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Groundwater is the liquid water stored in the pores, fractures, and spaces between rock particles in the ground.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drizzle is formed by droplets 0.2-0.5 mm in size, while infiltration is characterized by droplets 0.5 mm or greater in size.</p> Signup and view all the answers