Hydrology and Weather Quiz
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Hydrology and Weather Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which factor significantly influences evaporation, condensation, and precipitation rates?

  • Humidity (correct)
  • Temperature
  • Atmosphere
  • Solar Radiation
  • What term describes the amount of water vapor in the air that impacts weather and climate?

  • Solar Radiation
  • Humidity (correct)
  • Atmosphere
  • Temperature
  • What is the term for the temperature difference observed from day to night over a 24-hour period?

  • Variation with topography
  • Variation with latitude
  • Diurnal variation (correct)
  • Seasonal variation
  • What concept describes how geographic and environmental factors change when moving towards the poles?

    <p>Variation with latitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What describes the temperature changes that happen throughout the year as the seasons progress?

    <p>Seasonal variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the differences in climate and vegetation based on an area's topographic features?

    <p>Variation with topography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of measuring the thermal energy of an object expressed in degrees?

    <p>Temperature Measurements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to temperature as altitude increases?

    <p>Temperature decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily drives the variation in temperature on Earth's surface?

    <p>Solar Radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which device is NOT typically used for temperature measurement?

    <p>Hydrometer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the type of solar radiation that has been scattered before reaching the Earth's surface?

    <p>Diffuse Solar Radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which effect is responsible for trapping outgoing heat and regulating Earth's temperature?

    <p>Greenhouse Effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which latitudinal area does the Ferrel Cell occupy?

    <p>30° to 60°</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of man-made radiation exposure?

    <p>Primarily Diagnostic X-Rays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the measure of sunlight reflected off the Earth's surface?

    <p>Albedo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes vertical circulation in the atmosphere?

    <p>Upward and Downward Air Movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What atmospheric feature is characterized by high pressure and calm winds located around 30° North and South latitude?

    <p>Horse Latitudes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism that drives the seasonal changes associated with monsoons?

    <p>Seasonal shifts in the direction of prevailing winds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which months does the Southwest Monsoon (Hanging Habagat) typically occur in the Philippines?

    <p>July-September</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which breeze is caused at night when land cools more rapidly than the sea?

    <p>Land breeze</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference in vertical circulation between the Hadley Cell and the Ferrel Cell?

    <p>The Hadley Cell involves descending air, while the Ferrel Cell involves rising air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effects do monsoons have on agriculture in regions like the Philippines?

    <p>They cause dry and wet seasons, which help regulate planting and harvesting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the occurrence of a valley breeze during the day?

    <p>The rapid heating of valley slopes compared to mountain slopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which atmospheric circulation cell is found between the equator and approximately 30° latitude?

    <p>Hadley Cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of winds are typically associated with the Ferrel Cell in the mid-latitudes?

    <p>Westerly winds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model represents the atmosphere as a single continuous circulation cell from the equator to the poles?

    <p>Single-Cell model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs at the surface of the Polar Cell near 60° latitude?

    <p>Warm air meets cold air, causing low-pressure formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the three-cell model account for regarding wind paths?

    <p>Trade winds, westerlies, and polar easterlies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characterized as a dynamic zone of low pressure and frequent rainstorms due to concentrated solar energy?

    <p>A dynamic zone where the sun’s energy is most focused</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process leads to the formation of the Equatorial Low?

    <p>Concentrated solar energy causing warm air to rise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do high-pressure areas at approximately 30° North and South latitude refer to?

    <p>Subtropical highs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hydrological Processes

    • Key factors affecting evaporation, condensation, and precipitation include atmospheric components, solar radiation, humidity, and temperature.
    • Water quality and ecosystem dynamics are significantly influenced by these hydrological processes.

    Humidity

    • Humidity is the measure of water vapor in the air, impacting weather, climate, comfort, and health.
    • High humidity can lead to discomfort and influence various environmental processes.

    Temperature Variations

    • Diurnal Variation: Refers to temperature differences between day and night within a 24-hour cycle.
    • Variation with Latitude: Describes climatic changes experienced as one moves north or south from the equator.
    • Seasonal Variation: Indicates the temperature changes that occur throughout the year due to seasonal shifts.
    • Variation with Topography: Explores temperature changes influenced by an area's geographical features.

    Temperature Measurement

    • Temperature quantifies thermal energy, expressed in degrees, and is crucial in science and daily life applications.
    • Different devices for measuring temperature include thermometers, thermocouples, resistance temperature detectors, infrared thermometers, and digital thermometers.

    Solar Radiation

    • Primary energy source for atmospheric, hydrospheric, and biospheric processes.
    • Diffused Radiation: Solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface after scattering by atmospheric components.

    Atmospheric Circulation Cells

    • Hadley Cell: Extends from the equator to approximately 30° latitude, promoting warm air rising.
    • Ferrel Cell: Positioned between 30° and 60° latitude, characterized by westerly winds in mid-latitudes.
    • Polar Cell: Exists at the poles, forming low-pressure zones as warm air meets cold air, particularly around 60° latitude.

    Pressure Zones

    • Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ): A dynamic region near the equator with concentrated solar energy causing low pressure and frequent rainfall.
    • Subtropical Highs: High-pressure systems located at approximately 30° North and South latitude, resulting in calm winds.
    • Horse Latitudes: Areas defined as calm and high-pressure regions at 30° latitude.

    Monsoons

    • Monsoons are characterized by seasonal wind direction shifts, primarily affecting agricultural cycles by creating wet and dry seasons.
    • The Southwest Monsoon in the Philippines occurs from July to September and influences local farming practices.

    Breezes and Temperature Effects

    • Land Breeze: Occurs at night when land cools faster than sea, causing air to flow from land to sea.
    • Valley Breeze: Develops during the day as valley slopes heat faster than surrounding mountain slopes.

    Natural and Man-made Radiation Sources

    • Cosmic Radiation: Arises from the sun and space, consisting of charged particles and gamma radiation.
    • Internal Radionuclides: Natural radionuclides in the body, like Potassium-40, contribute to internal radiation exposure and are critical for life.
    • Primarily Diagnostic X-Rays: The most significant man-made radiation exposure source.

    Environmental Concerns

    • Aerosols are liquid or solid particle suspensions in the air that can impact climate and air quality.
    • The Greenhouse Effect plays a vital role in regulating Earth's temperature by trapping outgoing heat.

    These notes encompass the fundamental concepts related to atmospheric phenomena, solar energy, temperature variations, and environmental dynamics.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on hydrological processes and factors that influence weather patterns. This quiz covers essential concepts such as humidity, evaporation, and their impact on ecosystems. Ideal for students studying environmental science.

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