Hydrology and Watershed Management Quiz

The vertical distance between two consecutive terraces, influencing the amount of water intercepted and stored.

A permanent structure that safely carries water from one terrace level to the next without causing erosion.

The minimum slope recommended for constructing broad-base terraces, ensuring proper drainage and preventing waterlogging.

A channel ditch designed to safely transport water at a non-erosive velocity, preventing erosion and directing water away from the terrace.

The land area that drains water to a common outlet such as a river, lake, or ocean, influencing water flow and erosion.

The imaginary line that separates adjacent watersheds, dictating the direction of water flow.

The study of the relationships between water, soil, and vegetation within a watershed, understanding water movement and impacts.

A management practice that involves conserving soil and water resources within a watershed, promoting sustainability.

The maximum amount of sediment a river can carry under specific flow conditions.

The process where sediment settles and accumulates in reservoirs and lakes.

A measure of the concentration of sediment in a specific volume of water.

The type of flow in an open channel where the water depth remains constant over time.

A measure of the resistance to flow in an open channel, often calculated using Manning's equation.

The cross-sectional shape of a channel that minimizes the wetted perimeter for a given area.

The energy head in an open channel flow, including depth, velocity head, and pressure head.

The depth of water at which energy is at its minimum for a given flow rate.

A technique of planting trees and vegetation to control soil erosion and reduce water runoff during heavy rainfall.

A system of levees built along rivers to prevent floodwaters from reaching adjacent areas.

A system that predicts the occurrence, timing, and severity of floods.

A non-structural flood mitigation strategy that involves zoning laws and building codes to prevent development in flood-prone areas.

A structure designed to release excess water from a dam or reservoir to prevent overtopping and potential failure.

A portable barrier or wall used to temporarily block floodwaters during emergencies.

The largest river system in the Philippines, providing water for irrigation, energy, and other uses.

A strategy that combines structural and non-structural measures to manage flood risks.

The rate at which water infiltrates into the soil.

The ratio of the cross-sectional area of flow to the wetted perimeter.

The flow condition where the depth of flow does not change along the channel.

The slope of the energy grade line in an open channel.

The dimensionless number used to classify flow as subcritical, critical, and supercritical.

The line that represents the sum of pressure head and velocity head along a channel.

A transition in the flow regime from supercritical to subcritical flow.

A type of open channel flow where the water depth remains constant over time, allowing for predictable and consistent flow patterns.

A type of open channel flow where the water depth changes over time, often influenced by factors like rainfall or dam releases.

A type of open channel flow where the water depth is less than the critical depth, resulting in a slow and smooth flow.

A type of open channel flow where the water depth is equal to the critical depth, marking a transition between subcritical and supercritical flow.

A type of open channel flow where the water depth is greater than the critical depth, leading to a fast and turbulent flow.

An open channel with a cross-section shaped like a half-circle, often used for water conveyance and drainage.

An open channel with a cross-section shaped like a triangle, commonly used for irrigation and drainage applications.

An open channel with a cross-section shaped like a parabola, often used for efficient water conveyance due to its ability to optimize flow velocity.

A structure used to measure the flow rate of water in an open channel by restricting the flow and creating a predictable change in water level.

A type of channel that is lined with concrete, stone, or other materials to improve its flow capacity and reduce erosion.