Hydrology and Watershed Management Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of a drop spillway?

  • To manage sediment transport
  • To increase soil fertility
  • To separate adjacent watersheds
  • To carry water from one level to another without causing erosion (correct)

    • A watershed is defined as the narrow area of land that drains water to a common outlet.

    False

    What is the minimum slope recommended for broad-base terraces?

    0.5%

    The ______ is the study of the relationships between water, soil, and vegetation within a watershed.

    <p>hydrology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms to their definitions:

    <p>Watershed management = Conserving soil and water resources in a watershed Topography = Influences water flow direction and rate Sediment transport = Process by which sediment particles are carried by flowing water Bedload transport = Type of sediment transport when particles slide on riverbed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a grass waterway?

    <p>A vegetative area that helps manage water flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diversional channels are designed to carry water at a non-erosive velocity.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The imaginary line that separates adjacent watersheds is called the ______.

    <p>watershed divide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the sediment carrying capacity refer to?

    <p>The maximum amount of sediment a river can carry under given flow conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Reservoir sedimentation is the process in which sediment accumulates in reservoirs and lakes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of critical depth in open channel flow?

    <p>It is the depth of water at which energy is at its minimum for a given flow rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ______ Number represents the ratio of inertial forces to gravitational forces in fluid flow.

    <p>Froude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their correct definitions:

    <p>Steady Flow = The depth of water does not change over time. Hydraulic Roughness = Resistance to flow in an open channel. Weir / Flume = Device to measure flow rate in open channels. Gradually Varied Flow = Type of flow characterized by varying flow depth along its length.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a detention basin commonly used for?

    <p>Flood control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In open channel hydraulics, the hydraulic efficient section is used to minimize the ______ for a given area.

    <p>wetted perimeter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gravity plays a crucial role in driving water flow in open channels.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of afforestation in flood management?

    <p>To stabilize soil and reduce runoff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A sandbag is a permanent structure designed to manage floodwaters.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a check dam?

    <p>To reduce river flow velocity and create small pools along the channel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ___ is a flood protection strategy that combines structural and non-structural measures.

    <p>Integrated flood management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following flood management terms with their definitions:

    <p>Floodplain = An area that is prone to flooding Detention basin = A facility designed to temporarily hold stormwater Lined canal = A canal with a protective surface to prevent erosion Spillway = A structure that allows water to flow out of a reservoir</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which river system is the largest in the Philippines?

    <p>Cagayan River</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A levee system is used primarily for flood forecasting.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ___ precipitation is defined as rainfall that occurs when air is warmed and rises.

    <p>Convective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hydraulic radius?

    <p>The ratio of the flow area to the wetted perimeter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A hydraulic jump occurs when the flow regime transitions from subcritical to supercritical flow.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Froude number used for?

    <p>To classify flow as subcritical, critical, and supercritical.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The depth of flow at which the specific energy is at its minimum for a given discharge is called _______.

    <p>critical depth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the critical depth?

    <p>The depth at which specific energy is minimized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Uniform flow is characterized by a varying depth of flow along a channel.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the hydraulic jump signify in fluid dynamics?

    <p>A transition from supercritical to subcritical flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which flow type occurs when the Froude number is equal to 1?

    <p>Critical Flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Manning equation can be used to calculate the Chezy coefficient.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What device is commonly used to measure flow rates in open channels?

    <p>Weirs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When flow depth is at critical level, it is referred to as __________ flow.

    <p>Critical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of channels with their categories:

    <p>Rectangular = Geometric Shape Trapezoidal = Geometric Shape Irrigation = Function Drainage = Function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of supercritical flow?

    <p>Froude number greater than 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All channels are categorized as lined or unlined.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List one main type of channel based on geometric shape.

    <p>Triangular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of channel flow is characterized as 'supercritical'?

    <p>Critical Flow Channel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    There are three channels based on flow characteristics.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of channel can be classified as both circular and semi-circular?

    <p>Irregular channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A channel that allows for the free passage of water is classified as __________.

    <p>Open</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a channel based on its function?

    <p>Flood Control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the channel flow types with their descriptions:

    <p>Open = Allows free water flow Closed = Water is contained Critical = Flow velocity equals wave speed Subcritical = Flow velocity is less than wave speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An unsteady flow channel maintains a constant flow rate over time.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many channels are based on flow depth?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Soil Conservation

    • Soil conservation is the practice of managing soil to prevent degradation and promote sustainable use.
    • Measures to conserve soil include: contour farming, terracing, conservation tillage, and windbreaks.
    • Soil erosion, water erosion, and wind erosion are key threats to soil conservation.
    • Tolerable soil loss (T-value) is the maximum allowable soil erosion rate.

    Erosion

    • Erosion is the process of wearing away or removing the earth's surface by wind, water, or other natural forces.
    • Various types of erosion exist, including water erosion (splash erosion, rill erosion, and gully erosion), and wind erosion.
    • Erosion can reduce soil fertility, and increase sediment transport in water bodies.
    • Factors influencing erosion include rainfall intensity, slope, soil type, and vegetative cover.

    Water Conservation

    • Water conservation is the management of water resources to minimize waste and maintain quality.
    • Methods of water conservation include contour farming, check dams, and soil and water conservation measures.

    Precipitation

    • Precipitation is the process by which water vapor in the atmosphere condenses and falls to the Earth's surface in various forms (rain, snow, hail).
    • Different types of precipitation include orographic, frontal, and convective precipitation.
    • Rainfall depth is measured, and hyetographs represent rainfall distribution over time during a storm event.
    • Precipitation is a critical component for agricultural irrigation and domestic use.

    Hydrology

    • Hydrology is the study of the relationship between water, soil, and vegetation within a watershed.
    • Watersheds are areas of land that drain water to a common outlet (river, lake, ocean).
    • Factors influencing hydrology include topography and sediment transport.

    Channel Flow

    • Open channel flow occurs when the fluid surface is exposed to atmospheric pressure, such as in rivers and streams.
    • Various types of channels exist, such as rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal, circular, parabolic, and semi-circular channels.
    • Channel flow can be categorized based on flow depth, geometric shape, lining, function, flow type, flow characteristics, and flow velocity.
    • Critical depth represents the flow depth where specific energy is at its minimum.

    Flood Management

    • Flood forecasting systems provide early warnings about potential flooding.
    • Flood management includes structural measures like levees, detention basins, and spillways, along with non-structural approaches like floodplain management and afforestation, and integrated flood management strategies.
    • Different types of dams, such as check dams and lined or earthen canals, are used to control water flow.

    Other Important Topics

    • Soil productivity is the ability of soil to support plant growth.
    • The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) estimates soil loss from water erosion.
    • Rainfall erosivity (R) is a key factor in the USLE, representing the erosive power of rainfall.
    • Sediment transport processes exist, including bedload transport and sediment carrying capacity.
    • Integrated flood management combines different measures to mitigate floods.

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    Description

    Test your understanding of hydrology and watershed management concepts with this quiz. Topics include spillways, watershed definitions, terrace slopes, and more. Perfect for students studying environmental science or civil engineering.

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