Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the salinity range of seawater, in parts per thousand (ppt)?
What is the salinity range of seawater, in parts per thousand (ppt)?
- 20-25 ppt
- 10-15 ppt
- 32-37 ppt (correct)
- 40-45 ppt
The salinity of seawater is always consistent across all oceans.
The salinity of seawater is always consistent across all oceans.
False (B)
What are two main ways in which minerals are transported to the ocean?
What are two main ways in which minerals are transported to the ocean?
Weathering and erosion processes, as well as rain and streams carrying dissolved minerals.
The density of seawater is typically between ______ and ______ g/cm³.
The density of seawater is typically between ______ and ______ g/cm³.
Which component of the hydrological cycle involves the movement of water from the ground to the atmosphere through plants?
Which component of the hydrological cycle involves the movement of water from the ground to the atmosphere through plants?
Human activities like urbanization can lead to increased soil evaporation and decreased transpiration.
Human activities like urbanization can lead to increased soil evaporation and decreased transpiration.
Name one human activity that negatively impacts the hydrological cycle.
Name one human activity that negatively impacts the hydrological cycle.
The process by which water moves from the ocean to the atmosphere is called __________.
The process by which water moves from the ocean to the atmosphere is called __________.
Match the human activity to its impact on the water cycle:
Match the human activity to its impact on the water cycle:
Which of the following is NOT a type of freshwater environment?
Which of the following is NOT a type of freshwater environment?
Marine environments are characterized by freshwater bodies.
Marine environments are characterized by freshwater bodies.
Name one example of a freshwater body found in Malaysia.
Name one example of a freshwater body found in Malaysia.
The primary difference between seawater and freshwater is __________.
The primary difference between seawater and freshwater is __________.
Match the following bodies of water with their types:
Match the following bodies of water with their types:
What is a watershed?
What is a watershed?
The Great Lakes are considered a type of aquatic environment.
The Great Lakes are considered a type of aquatic environment.
What percentage of Earth's surface is covered by oceans and seas?
What percentage of Earth's surface is covered by oceans and seas?
Which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to the salinity of seawater?
Which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to the salinity of seawater?
The density of seawater is always uniform throughout the ocean.
The density of seawater is always uniform throughout the ocean.
What is the primary reason for the variation in seawater density?
What is the primary reason for the variation in seawater density?
The process of the continual exchange of water between the Earth and the atmosphere is known as the ______
The process of the continual exchange of water between the Earth and the atmosphere is known as the ______
Match the following properties with their values for seawater:
Match the following properties with their values for seawater:
Which of these units is commonly used to express salinity?
Which of these units is commonly used to express salinity?
The proportion of salts in all oceans remains approximately the same, even though their total concentration can vary.
The proportion of salts in all oceans remains approximately the same, even though their total concentration can vary.
What is the approximate salinity range of seawater, expressed in parts per thousand (ppt)?
What is the approximate salinity range of seawater, expressed in parts per thousand (ppt)?
Flashcards
Freshwater
Freshwater
Aquatic environments with low salt concentration, such as rivers and lakes.
Brackish water
Brackish water
Water with a mix of freshwater and saltwater, found in estuaries and mangroves.
Marine environment
Marine environment
Saltwater habitats of seas and oceans, covering about 71% of Earth's surface.
Watershed
Watershed
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Seawater properties
Seawater properties
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Water cycle
Water cycle
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Salinity
Salinity
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Types of aquatic environments
Types of aquatic environments
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Hydrological Cycle
Hydrological Cycle
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Evapotranspiration
Evapotranspiration
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Runoff
Runoff
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Deforestation Effects
Deforestation Effects
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Groundwater Withdrawal
Groundwater Withdrawal
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Salinity Range
Salinity Range
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Sources of Sea Salt
Sources of Sea Salt
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Dissolved Gases in Seawater
Dissolved Gases in Seawater
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Seawater Density
Seawater Density
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Freshwater vs Saltwater: Odour
Freshwater vs Saltwater: Odour
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Freshwater vs Saltwater: Taste
Freshwater vs Saltwater: Taste
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pH Levels of Water
pH Levels of Water
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Study Notes
Aquatic Science & Daily Life - LU1: Introduction to Aquatic Habitats
- Learning Outcomes: Students should be able to identify types of aquatic environments, understand water chemistry (e.g., seawater properties), and comprehend the water cycle.
Types of Aquatic Environments
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Freshwater: Includes rivers, streams, ponds, lakes, reservoirs, icebergs, snow, wetlands, and groundwater. Examples include the Mekong River and Kenyir Lake. Additional examples of freshwater bodies in Malaysia (or elsewhere) should be identified.
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Brackish Water: A mix of freshwater and saltwater. Examples include estuaries (e.g., New York City Hudson River Estuary, London Thames River Estuary, Kuala Lumpur Klang + Gombak Rivers Estuary), mangroves, brackish seas, and brackish lakes/marshes. Identify more examples in Malaysia and around the world.
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Marine (Sea-Ocean): Saltwater environments associated with seas and oceans. The sea is a saltwater area at the edges of oceans.
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Oceans: The Pacific Ocean (155 million sq km), Atlantic Ocean (76 million sq km), Indian Ocean (68 million sq km), Southern Ocean (20 million sq km), and Arctic Ocean (14 million sq km). Cover approximately 71% of Earth's surface. Identify various seas in the world.
Watershed
- Defined as the geographic boundaries of a water body, its ecosystem, and the land that drains into it.
- Watersheds include groundwater that receives discharges from streams, ponds, wetlands, and lakes. Watersheds can range from small backyard areas to large regions draining into major bodies of water like the Great Lakes.
Water Chemistry
-
Salinity: Measured in parts per thousand (ppt). 'Normal' seawater salinity ranges from 32-37 ppt. The concentration of dissolved salts can vary between locations, but the ratio of the most abundant components remains relatively consistent. Important components of seawater include sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl-), and others (Mg, Ca).
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Freshwater: Lower salinity compared to saltwater. Ranges from 0-0.5ppt. Examples: rivers, streams, lakes, ponds.
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Other Properties: Seawater has a density of 1.022-1.030 g/cm³ compared to pure water's density of 1.000 g/cm³ at 4°C. Seawater density differences create ocean currents. Taste, smell, pH, and freezing/boiling points differ between freshwater and saltwater.
Dissolved Gases
- Seawater contains dissolved gases, crucial for biogeochemical cycling. Common dissolved gases in seawater include oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide.
Water Cycle (Hydrological Cycle)
- The continuous exchange of water between the Earth and atmosphere.
- Includes processes like precipitation, evapotranspiration, soil moisture, runoff, streamflow, atmospheric moisture, and groundwater flow.
- Human activities can impact the water cycle, including deforestation, urbanization, and reservoir construction.
Key Differences between Fresh and Saltwater
- Odors, tastes, pH, densities, freezing points, and boiling points differ between different types of water.
Unit Summary
- The unit introduces different types of aquatic environments: freshwater, brackish water, and marine/ocean.
- The concepts of watersheds, salinity, and dissolved gases in water are discussed.
- The water cycle (hydrological cycle) and human impacts on water resources are covered.
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