Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of the #3 Hydrogen Desulfurization (HDS) Unit?
What is the primary purpose of the #3 Hydrogen Desulfurization (HDS) Unit?
What is a key benefit of the #3 HDS Unit's operation in terms of diesel product quality?
What is a key benefit of the #3 HDS Unit's operation in terms of diesel product quality?
Which of the following feedstock components is NOT typically blended in the #3 HDS Unit?
Which of the following feedstock components is NOT typically blended in the #3 HDS Unit?
Which of the following processes is used in the #3 HDS Unit to reduce sulfur and nitrogen content?
Which of the following processes is used in the #3 HDS Unit to reduce sulfur and nitrogen content?
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What is the purpose of the #3 HDS Stripping System?
What is the purpose of the #3 HDS Stripping System?
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What happens to the sulfur and nitrogen contaminants in the feedstock during the hydrotreating process?
What happens to the sulfur and nitrogen contaminants in the feedstock during the hydrotreating process?
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Which of the following is a potential benefit of bypassing the HDS reactors for some of the feedstock?
Which of the following is a potential benefit of bypassing the HDS reactors for some of the feedstock?
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What is the primary function of the Feed Preheating Subsystem?
What is the primary function of the Feed Preheating Subsystem?
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What is the primary purpose of the Reactor Charge Heater (13HT-101)?
What is the primary purpose of the Reactor Charge Heater (13HT-101)?
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What is the key difference between the Feed/Effluent Exchangers and the Reactor Charge Heater?
What is the key difference between the Feed/Effluent Exchangers and the Reactor Charge Heater?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of the #3 HDS feed stream?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the #3 HDS feed stream?
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Why is the #3 HDS feed stream split before entering the Reactor Charge Heater?
Why is the #3 HDS feed stream split before entering the Reactor Charge Heater?
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What is the primary purpose of the Distillate HDS Reactors West/East (13PV-2301/2302)?
What is the primary purpose of the Distillate HDS Reactors West/East (13PV-2301/2302)?
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Which of the following is used to optimize reactor conditions in the Heating and Reaction Subsystem?
Which of the following is used to optimize reactor conditions in the Heating and Reaction Subsystem?
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What component is responsible for cooling the hot reactor effluent before it is sent to the Hot Separator?
What component is responsible for cooling the hot reactor effluent before it is sent to the Hot Separator?
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How does the interstage quench line contribute to the hydrotreating process?
How does the interstage quench line contribute to the hydrotreating process?
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What is the purpose of the Charge Filter (13PV-2316) in the #3 HDS feed preheating subsystem?
What is the purpose of the Charge Filter (13PV-2316) in the #3 HDS feed preheating subsystem?
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Why is the Charge Surge Drum (13PV-2310) utilized in the #3 HDS feed preheating subsystem?
Why is the Charge Surge Drum (13PV-2310) utilized in the #3 HDS feed preheating subsystem?
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Which process in the #3 HDS feed preheating subsystem is essential for maintaining a pressure head in the Surge Drum?
Which process in the #3 HDS feed preheating subsystem is essential for maintaining a pressure head in the Surge Drum?
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What is the primary function of the Automatic Recirculation Valve (ARV) in the #3 HDS feed preheating subsystem?
What is the primary function of the Automatic Recirculation Valve (ARV) in the #3 HDS feed preheating subsystem?
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How does the #3 HDS feed preheating subsystem ensure a hydrogen-rich feed to the reactor section?
How does the #3 HDS feed preheating subsystem ensure a hydrogen-rich feed to the reactor section?
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In the #3 HDS feed preheating subsystem, how is the hydrogen bled from the #4 HDS and Hydrocracker Units utilized?
In the #3 HDS feed preheating subsystem, how is the hydrogen bled from the #4 HDS and Hydrocracker Units utilized?
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What is the purpose of the Reactor Charge Pump South/North (13P-101/102) in the #3 HDS feed preheating subsystem?
What is the purpose of the Reactor Charge Pump South/North (13P-101/102) in the #3 HDS feed preheating subsystem?
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Which of the listed components in the #3 HDS feed preheating subsystem is responsible for cooling the reactor effluent?
Which of the listed components in the #3 HDS feed preheating subsystem is responsible for cooling the reactor effluent?
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What is the primary purpose of the Fuel Gas KO Drum (13PV-2311) in the #3 HDS process?
What is the primary purpose of the Fuel Gas KO Drum (13PV-2311) in the #3 HDS process?
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What is the primary function of the pilot flame in the #3 HDS process?
What is the primary function of the pilot flame in the #3 HDS process?
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What is the primary purpose of the Distillate HDS Reactor West (13PV-2301) in the #3 HDS process?
What is the primary purpose of the Distillate HDS Reactor West (13PV-2301) in the #3 HDS process?
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What is the primary reason for adding hydrogen quench to the reactor feed stream?
What is the primary reason for adding hydrogen quench to the reactor feed stream?
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What is the primary reason for controlling the temperature in the HDS reactor?
What is the primary reason for controlling the temperature in the HDS reactor?
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Which of the following reactions occur in the #3 HDS reactor?
Which of the following reactions occur in the #3 HDS reactor?
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What is the primary function of the Distillate HDS Reactor East (13PV-2302) in the #3 HDS process?
What is the primary function of the Distillate HDS Reactor East (13PV-2302) in the #3 HDS process?
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What is the main reason for using a specific hydrogen-rich feed stream in the HDS reactor?
What is the main reason for using a specific hydrogen-rich feed stream in the HDS reactor?
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What is the main function of the Effluent Cold Separator (13PV-2318)?
What is the main function of the Effluent Cold Separator (13PV-2318)?
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Which types of non-condensable gases exit from the top of the Effluent Cold Separator (13PV-2318)?
Which types of non-condensable gases exit from the top of the Effluent Cold Separator (13PV-2318)?
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What is the role of the Effluent Condenser (13EX-2336) in the process?
What is the role of the Effluent Condenser (13EX-2336) in the process?
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What occurs to the cold separator liquid after it exits the Effluent Cold Separator?
What occurs to the cold separator liquid after it exits the Effluent Cold Separator?
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What happens during a total unit upset with respect to the Emergency Shut Down (ESD) valve XV-141?
What happens during a total unit upset with respect to the Emergency Shut Down (ESD) valve XV-141?
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Which of the following components is NOT a part of the reactor effluent stream entering the Effluent Separation Subsystem?
Which of the following components is NOT a part of the reactor effluent stream entering the Effluent Separation Subsystem?
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The purpose of the Hot Separator (13PV-2317) is to:
The purpose of the Hot Separator (13PV-2317) is to:
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What is the main reason for injecting wash water into the Hot Separator effluent gas line?
What is the main reason for injecting wash water into the Hot Separator effluent gas line?
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Why is the liquid from the Hot Separator sent to the Stripper Feed/Bottoms Exchanger (13EX-2332) before being sold as product?
Why is the liquid from the Hot Separator sent to the Stripper Feed/Bottoms Exchanger (13EX-2332) before being sold as product?
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Which of the following statements about the Effluent Condenser (13EX-2341) is TRUE?
Which of the following statements about the Effluent Condenser (13EX-2341) is TRUE?
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In the Effluent Separation Subsystem, what is the main purpose of the two-stage separation process using the Hot Separator and the Low Temperature Separator?
In the Effluent Separation Subsystem, what is the main purpose of the two-stage separation process using the Hot Separator and the Low Temperature Separator?
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Why is it important to cool the reactor effluent stream before it enters the Effluent Separation Subsystem?
Why is it important to cool the reactor effluent stream before it enters the Effluent Separation Subsystem?
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The distillate product, which is a major component of the reactor effluent stream, is ultimately intended for:
The distillate product, which is a major component of the reactor effluent stream, is ultimately intended for:
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Study Notes
Hydrogen Desulfurization (HDS) Unit Overview
- Purpose: Produce distillate product from a blend of light distillate, medium distillate, light cycle oil, and mixed gas oils.
- Objective: Convert sulfur and nitrogen contaminants in the feed into easily separable compounds through catalytic hydrotreating.
- Process: Reacts feed stream with hydrogen in the presence of catalyst at high temperatures and pressures.
- Outcomes: Converts sulfur to hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen to ammonia, saturates olefins and aromatics with hydrogen.
- Separation: Separates hydrogen and sour gases from reactor effluent in the Absorption System.
- Further separation: Stripping System for product specifications.
Feed Preheating Subsystem
- Preparation: Blends light distillate, medium distillate, light cycle oil, and mixed gas oils based on unit requirements.
- Process: Filters, combines with hydrogen, preheats through six heat exchangers to reaction temperature.
- Cooling: Simultaneously cools reactor effluent, enabling condensation and separation in downstream equipment.
- Surge drum: Maintains constant feed flow, minimizing pulsating flow for extended catalyst life.
- Protection: Removes debris using Charge Filter to prevent damage to downstream equipment.
- Recirculation: Automatic recirculation valve (ARV) ensures minimum flow to maintain proper pressure.
Hydrogen Feed
- Source: Make-up hydrogen and recycle hydrogen from Distillate Hydrogen Compressors.
- Purpose: Provides hydrogen-rich feed for hydrotreating reactions and replaces consumed hydrogen.
- Integration: Hydrogen bleeds from other units (HDS and Hydrocracker) mix with the main feed.
Heating and Reaction Subsystem
- Process: Converts contaminants to easily separable compounds through catalytic hydrotreating in fired heater and multi-bed reactors.
- Catalyst: Cobalt-molybdenum catalyst in reactors.
- Reactions: Desulfurization, denitrification, saturated olefins/aromatics; converts sulfur to hydrogen sulfide, nitrogen to ammonia.
- Hydrogen addition: Quench lines use hydrogen flow to cool feed stream and control temperature.
- Optimization: Two multi-bed reactors improve surface area, handling higher sulfur loads, extending catalyst life, and reducing maintenance needs.
Effluent Separation Subsystem
- Cooling: Reactor effluent cooled using heat exchangers in the Effluent Separation Subsystem, then separated, to separate gases from liquid distillate.
- Separation: High-temperature and low-temperature separators condense volatile materials for later separation.
- Hydrogen/Sour Gas Removal: Effluent gas (containing hydrogen, H2S, and NH3) is further cooled via condenser for separation.
- Water Removal: Separated water removed from hydrocarbon liquid in cold separator to downstream treatment.
- Product recovery: Distillate product recovered as a liquid/non-condensable products (hydrogen, H2S, and NH3).
Additional Notes
- By-passing: Bypass lines allow some or all of the feedstock to avoid reactors and be sold with higher sulfur content.
- Operating Modes: The unit may operate in a 'railroad diesel' mode with a higher sulfur content.
- Maintenance: Wash water prevents ammonia salt buildup to prevent equipment corrosion from impurities.
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Description
Explore the Hydrogen Desulfurization (HDS) unit designed to convert sulfur and nitrogen contaminants into manageable compounds. Learn about the processes involved, including the feed preheating subsystem and the outcomes of catalytic hydrotreating. This overview encapsulates the key functions and specifications within the unit.
