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Questions and Answers
Which of the following statements accurately describes the composition of hydrocarbons?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the composition of hydrocarbons?
- They consist only of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
- They consist of carbon and nitrogen only.
- They consist of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen.
- They consist of carbon and hydrogen only. (correct)
Which of the following is an example of a saturated hydrocarbon?
Which of the following is an example of a saturated hydrocarbon?
- Ethene
- Benzene
- Methane (correct)
- Acetylene
What structural feature differentiates alkanes from alkenes and alkynes?
What structural feature differentiates alkanes from alkenes and alkynes?
- Alkanes are cyclic; alkenes and alkynes are linear.
- Alkanes have only carbon-carbon single bonds; alkenes and alkynes contain multiple bonds. (correct)
- Alkanes have carbon-carbon triple bonds; alkenes have double bonds.
- Alkanes have carbon-carbon double bonds; alkenes and alkynes have single bonds.
What is the process of converting ethene to ethane called?
What is the process of converting ethene to ethane called?
Which feature is characteristic of aromatic hydrocarbons?
Which feature is characteristic of aromatic hydrocarbons?
What is the term for isomers that differ in the arrangement of atoms due to the restricted rotation around a double bond?
What is the term for isomers that differ in the arrangement of atoms due to the restricted rotation around a double bond?
Which statement explains why alkanes with branched chains tend to have lower boiling points than their straight-chain isomers?
Which statement explains why alkanes with branched chains tend to have lower boiling points than their straight-chain isomers?
What is the primary reason for using compressed natural gas (CNG) in automobiles?
What is the primary reason for using compressed natural gas (CNG) in automobiles?
Which of the following reactions is characteristic of alkenes due to the presence of the pi bond?
Which of the following reactions is characteristic of alkenes due to the presence of the pi bond?
What is the process of heating higher alkanes to produce smaller alkanes and alkenes called?
What is the process of heating higher alkanes to produce smaller alkanes and alkenes called?
Which type of reaction do alkanes typically undergo when exposed to halogens under ultraviolet light?
Which type of reaction do alkanes typically undergo when exposed to halogens under ultraviolet light?
In the context of electrophilic aromatic substitution, what is the role of a Lewis acid catalyst, such as AlCl3?
In the context of electrophilic aromatic substitution, what is the role of a Lewis acid catalyst, such as AlCl3?
Which of the following is a possible product of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons?
Which of the following is a possible product of incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons?
What is the effect of a meta-directing group on an aromatic ring during electrophilic substitution?
What is the effect of a meta-directing group on an aromatic ring during electrophilic substitution?
Which of the following best describes the term 'conformations' in the context of alkanes?
Which of the following best describes the term 'conformations' in the context of alkanes?
What property makes benzene resistant to addition reactions under normal conditions?
What property makes benzene resistant to addition reactions under normal conditions?
Which of the following is an application of alkynes?
Which of the following is an application of alkynes?
What is the primary reason for the toxicity and carcinogenicity associated with certain polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons?
What is the primary reason for the toxicity and carcinogenicity associated with certain polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons?
What is the purpose of using soda lime in the decarboxylation of carboxylic acids to form alkanes?
What is the purpose of using soda lime in the decarboxylation of carboxylic acids to form alkanes?
What is the relationship between the stability and energy of staggered conformation?
What is the relationship between the stability and energy of staggered conformation?
What major factor accounts for the difference in physical properties?
What major factor accounts for the difference in physical properties?
What is the difference between Alkyl group or substituents?
What is the difference between Alkyl group or substituents?
If given an IUPAC name for a certain structure how would one write the structure?
If given an IUPAC name for a certain structure how would one write the structure?
What do you produce through the following reaction CH-C1+H2 ->
What do you produce through the following reaction CH-C1+H2 ->
What is the main cause of increase in boiling point?
What is the main cause of increase in boiling point?
What is the mechanism for halogenation
What is the mechanism for halogenation
How do you produce a halogenated product when an alkane attacks a methane molecules?
How do you produce a halogenated product when an alkane attacks a methane molecules?
What do you form when alkanes are heater in the presence of dioxygen(air)
What do you form when alkanes are heater in the presence of dioxygen(air)
What reagents are needed for n-Alkanes to heat to isomerise to branch chained?
What reagents are needed for n-Alkanes to heat to isomerise to branch chained?
How are alkynes named differently than alkanes?
How are alkynes named differently than alkanes?
Alkynes are named as derivatives of what compound?
Alkynes are named as derivatives of what compound?
Describe the orbital overlapping around ethyne
Describe the orbital overlapping around ethyne
How does one prepare ethyne on an industrial scale?
How does one prepare ethyne on an industrial scale?
Select the correct trend for acidic behavior?
Select the correct trend for acidic behavior?
Majority of the alkynes are a form for what type of addition reactions?
Majority of the alkynes are a form for what type of addition reactions?
What is the most important use of the product formed by combining molecules of ethene at high temperature and pressure and in te presence of a catalyst?
What is the most important use of the product formed by combining molecules of ethene at high temperature and pressure and in te presence of a catalyst?
Arenes are known as...
Arenes are known as...
Flashcards
What are hydrocarbons?
What are hydrocarbons?
Compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen.
What is LPG?
What is LPG?
Liquified petroleum gas, a common fuel source.
What is CNG?
What is CNG?
Compressed natural gas, a fuel alternative to gasoline.
What are alkanes?
What are alkanes?
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What is the general formula for alkanes?
What is the general formula for alkanes?
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What are structural isomers?
What are structural isomers?
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What are chain isomers?
What are chain isomers?
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What is a primary carbon?
What is a primary carbon?
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What are alkyl groups?
What are alkyl groups?
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What is hydrogenation?
What is hydrogenation?
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What catalysts can be used for hydrogenation?
What catalysts can be used for hydrogenation?
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What is the Wurtz reaction?
What is the Wurtz reaction?
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What is decarboxylation?
What is decarboxylation?
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What is Kolbe's electrolytic method?
What is Kolbe's electrolytic method?
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What are van der Waals forces?
What are van der Waals forces?
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What is halogenation?
What is halogenation?
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What are conformations?
What are conformations?
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What is torsional strain?
What is torsional strain?
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What is a staggered conformation?
What is a staggered conformation?
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What are alkenes?
What are alkenes?
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What are geometrical isomers?
What are geometrical isomers?
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What is hydrohalogenation?
What is hydrohalogenation?
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What is Markovnikov's rule?
What is Markovnikov's rule?
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What is Kharasch effect?
What is Kharasch effect?
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What happens during ozonolysis?
What happens during ozonolysis?
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What is polymerization?
What is polymerization?
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What are alkynes?
What are alkynes?
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How is and alkyne formed
How is and alkyne formed
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How can alkynes, alkenes and alkanes can be told apart
How can alkynes, alkenes and alkanes can be told apart
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What is benzene?
What is benzene?
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What is ethene?
What is ethene?
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What makes benzene special
What makes benzene special
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Reactions of hydrocarbons with arenes characterised
Reactions of hydrocarbons with arenes characterised
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What is carcinogenicity
What is carcinogenicity
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Study Notes
- Hydrocarbons are compounds containing carbon and hydrogen.
- Primarily sourced from coal and petroleum, hydrocarbons serve as major energy sources.
- They are also used as petrochemicals for commercially important products.
- Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and compressed natural gas (CNG) are derived from petroleum.
- Hydrocarbons classification includes:
- Open chain
- Saturated (alkanes)
- Unsaturated (alkenes and alkynes)
- Cyclic (alicyclic)
- Aromatic compounds
Alkane Reactions
- Free radical substitution
- Combustion
- Oxidation
- Aromatization
Alkene and Alkyne Reactions
- Undergo addition reactions that are mainly electrophilic.
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Reactions
- Undergo electrophilic substitution, and addition only under particular conditions
Isomerism
- Alkanes have conformational isomerism with staggered conformations more stable.
- Alkenes have geometric isomerism due to restricted double bond rotation.
- Benzene and its compounds show characteristics of aromaticity.
- Aromaticity is determined by specific electronic structure meeting Hückel's rule.
- Substituents on benzene affect the ring's reactivity and direct incoming groups.
- Polynuclear hydrocarbons can be carcinogenic.
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