Hydrocarbons and Organic Molecules Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What prefix is used for a hydrocarbon chain with five carbons?

  • Hex-
  • Pent- (correct)
  • Dec-
  • Ter-
  • Which of the following functional groups does the suffix '-ane' refer to?

  • Alkane (correct)
  • Alcohol
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Alkene
  • In a substitution reaction, how many products are formed?

  • Two (correct)
  • Four
  • One
  • Three
  • What is the displayed formula for ethane (C2H6)?

    <p>CH3CH3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of organic reaction involves the addition of hydrogen to a compound?

    <p>Addition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the products formed in a complete combustion reaction of hydrocarbons?

    <p>Water and carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suffix indicates a compound is an alcohol?

    <p>-ol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents an example of an alkene?

    <p>Ethene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a hydrocarbon?

    <p>A compound of hydrogen and carbon only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which formula represents the simplest whole number ratio of each element in a compound?

    <p>Empirical formula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used for a series of compounds that share the same general formula?

    <p>Homologous series</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which formula shows the arrangement of atoms within a molecule?

    <p>Structural formula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a functional group?

    <p>A group affecting the chemical reactions of a compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does molecular formula represent?

    <p>The total number of each type of atom in a molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon describes compounds having the same molecular formula but different structures?

    <p>Isomerism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prefix is used for a compound containing three carbon atoms?

    <p>Prop-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of formula would you use to show the covalent bonds between atoms in a compound?

    <p>Displayed formula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of formula can represent any member of an entire class of compounds?

    <p>General formula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hydrocarbons

    • Hydrocarbon is a compound of hydrogen and carbon only.

    Representing Organic Molecules

    • Empirical formula - The simplest whole number ratio of each element in a compound (e.g. for ethene = CH2)
    • Molecular formula - Actual numbers of each element in a compound (e.g. for ethene = C2H4)
    • General formula - A type of empirical formula that represents the composition of any member of an entire class of compounds (e.g. for ethene = CnH2n)
    • Structural formula - Formula which shows the arrangement of atoms in the molecule of a compound (e.g. for ethene = CH2CH2)
    • Displayed formula - Shows the symbols for each atom in a compound with straight lines representing covalent bonds

    Homologous series, Functional Group, Isomerism

    • Homologous series - Series of compounds with the same general formula and similar properties.
    • Functional group - A group of atoms responsible for the chemical reactions of a compound.
    • Isomerism - Compounds with the same molecular formula exist in different forms due to different arrangements of atoms (different forms of isomerism exist).

    Naming Organic Compounds

    • Prefixes (beginning of the name) -
      • 1 carbon: Meth-
      • 2 carbons: Eth-
      • 3 carbons: Prop-
      • 4 carbons: But-
      • 5 carbons: Pent-
      • 6 carbons: Hex-
    • Suffixes (end of the name) - Suffixes refer to the functional group.
      • Alkanes: ane (C-C // C-H) e.g. ethane
      • Alkenes: ene (C=C) e.g. ethene
      • Alcohols: ol (OH) e.g. ethanol
      • Carboxylic acids: anoic acid (-COOH) e.g. ethanoic acid

    Classifying Organic Reactions

    • Addition reactions - 2 reactants → 1 product. An atom is added onto the molecule, commonly added to double bonds.
      • e.g. addition of hydrogen to ethene to produce ethane (H2 is added onto C=C to form H-C-C-H)
    • Substitution reactions - 2 reactants → 2 products. An atom in a molecule is replaced by a different atom.
      • e.g. Hydrogen chloride + ethanol → chloroethane + water (Cl replaces OH - they switch places)
    • Combustion reactions - A fuel reacts with OXYGEN. Only water and carbon dioxide are produced from hydrocarbons if combustion is complete.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on hydrocarbons and the various ways to represent organic molecules. This quiz covers empirical, molecular, and structural formulas, as well as concepts like homologous series, functional groups, and isomerism. Perfect for students studying organic chemistry!

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