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Questions and Answers
What is produced when unsaturated hydrocarbons react with hydrogen in the presence of catalysts?
What is produced when unsaturated hydrocarbons react with hydrogen in the presence of catalysts?
- Saturated hydrocarbons (correct)
- Higher alkanes
- Alkenes
- Alkyl halides
Which of the following statements about the reaction of alkyl halides with zinc and dilute hydrochloric acid is true?
Which of the following statements about the reaction of alkyl halides with zinc and dilute hydrochloric acid is true?
- A catalyst is required in this reaction.
- Fluorides can undergo this reaction.
- Alkanes are formed from alkyl halides. (correct)
- The product is an alkyl halide.
What is the role of sodium in the reaction with alkyl halides in dry ether?
What is the role of sodium in the reaction with alkyl halides in dry ether?
- To produce higher alkanes (correct)
- To increase the temperature
- To catalyze the reaction
- To reduce the alkyl halides
In the reaction C₂H₅X + Na + Dry Ether, what is the primary product formed?
In the reaction C₂H₅X + Na + Dry Ether, what is the primary product formed?
Which catalyst can be used for the hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons?
Which catalyst can be used for the hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons?
Flashcards
Hydrogenation
Hydrogenation
A chemical reaction where an unsaturated hydrocarbon (like an alkene or alkyne) gains hydrogen atoms (from H₂ gas), becoming a saturated hydrocarbon (like an alkane). Catalysts like platinum, palladium, or nickel are needed for this process.
Reaction of Alkyl Halides with Zn/HCl
Reaction of Alkyl Halides with Zn/HCl
A chemical reaction where an alkyl halide (not fluoride) reacts with zinc and dilute hydrochloric acid. The alkyl halide loses its halogen (Cl, Br, or I) and gets replaced with a hydrogen atom, forming an alkane.
Reaction of Alkyl Halides with Sodium and Dry Ether
Reaction of Alkyl Halides with Sodium and Dry Ether
A reaction where an alkyl halide reacts with sodium metal in a dry ether environment. This produces higher alkanes - molecules with a longer carbon chain by linking two alkyl groups.
What is hydrogenation?
What is hydrogenation?
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What does the reaction of alkyl halides with zinc and dilute hydrochloric acid produce?
What does the reaction of alkyl halides with zinc and dilute hydrochloric acid produce?
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Study Notes
Hydrocarbon Reactions
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Hydrogenation: Unsaturated hydrocarbons (alkenes/alkynes) react with dihydrogen gas (H2) in the presence of catalysts (like Pt/Pd/Ni) to form alkanes.
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Alkyl Halides Reduction: Alkyl halides (except fluorides) react with dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the presence of zinc (Zn) to form alkanes.
- The reaction is represented as R-X + Zn + dilute HCl → R-H.
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Alkyl Halides and Sodium in Dry Ether: Alkyl halides (excluding fluorides) react with sodium (Na) in dry ether to produce higher alkanes. This will depend on how many carbon chains are in the alkyl halides being used.
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Alkyl Halides and Zinc Chloride: The reaction of alkyl halides with zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and dilute HCl leads to the formation of alkanes.
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