Hydralazine/Isosorbide Combination Therapy

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What is the first-line treatment for urticaria?

Levocetirizine and famotidine (correct)

Systemic prednisone

Omalizumab

Epi-pen

What is the initial management strategy for patients with urticaria according to the text?

Order immediate lab work including CBC, ESR, and LFTs

Start treatment with Omalizumab (Xolair) in all cases

Refer all patients with urticaria to the ER for assessment

Identify and avoid triggers, prescribe antihistamines, consider systemic prednisone (correct)

Which condition presents with swelling of the subdermis and may be associated with colicky abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea?

SLE (lupus)

Mast cell disorders

Schnitzler syndrome

Hereditary angioedema (correct)

Which type of angioedema is not associated with other symptoms of an allergic reaction?

Bradykinin-induced angioedema Signup and view all the answers

Which lab test may show possible vasculitis in patients with urticaria?

Cryoglobulin levels Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is prescribed for acute or chronic idiopathic urticaria that does not respond to other treatments?

Omalizumab (Xolair) Signup and view all the answers

What is considered the 'gold standard' for assessing the health of the liver?

Liver biopsy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical presentation of cirrhosis?

High blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What risk do patients with fatty liver disease face in relation to cardiovascular events?

Increased risk Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible limitation of a liver biopsy in assessing liver health?

Sampling error Signup and view all the answers

Which test measures sound waves to estimate the scarring of the liver?

Fibroscan Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for prescribing a combination of Hydralazine and Isosorbide in African American patients?

To increase survival and quality of life Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant side effect of prolonged use of Hydralazine?

Lupus-like syndrome Signup and view all the answers

When is Ivabradine/Corlanor indicated for use?

In patients with chronic heart failure and specific criteria Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended initial dosing for Ivabradine/Corlanor?

5 mg twice daily with meals Signup and view all the answers

Which side effect is associated with Ivabradine/Corlanor?

Bradycardia Signup and view all the answers

Why might a physician choose to prescribe BiDil instead of the combination of Hydralazine and Isosorbide separately?

BiDil is more cost-effective Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is NOT commonly associated with tuberculosis disease (active TB)?

Sore throat Signup and view all the answers

What is the preferred initial screening test for tuberculosis?

Mantoux test Signup and view all the answers

Which group of individuals has a lower threshold for a positive TST (Tuberculin Skin Test)?

Persons who are HIV positive Signup and view all the answers

What is the most rapid and inexpensive diagnostic tool for tuberculosis?

Sputum AFB (acid-fast bacilli) test Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions does NOT warrant a TB skin test result of <5 mm to be considered positive?

Persons with no known risk factors for TB Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical management approach for tuberculosis based on the provided information?

Adherence to a treatment regimen with first-line medications Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT associated with anaphylaxis?

Peripheral edema Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of exudative pleural effusion?

Pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

When should a patient with pleural effusion be referred to the emergency department?

In case of hypoxia and respiratory compromise Signup and view all the answers

How does tuberculosis primarily spread?

Through inhalation of aerosol droplets in the lungs Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is NOT listed as a risk factor for increased risk of tuberculosis reactivation?

Influenza Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended route for administering epinephrine in case of anaphylaxis?

Intramuscular injection into the lateral thigh Signup and view all the answers

What is the time frame within which food allergy can progress to cardiac or respiratory arrest if epinephrine is not given promptly?

30 minutes Signup and view all the answers

'Idiopathic anaphylaxis' refers to a condition where anaphylaxis occurs without:

Allergic triggers being identified Signup and view all the answers

'Tuberculosis infection' (TBI) is also known as:

'Latent TB' Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary diagnostic procedure for evaluating pleural effusion when chest X-ray results are inconclusive?

Ultrasound (US) Signup and view all the answers