Hydatidiform Mole: Diagnosis and Treatment

Definition: A type of gestational trophoblastic disease where the placenta grows abnormally and forms a mass of cysts
Types:
- Complete mole: Only paternal chromosomes present, no fetal tissue
- Partial mole: Both paternal and maternal chromosomes present, some fetal tissue
Symptoms:
- Vaginal bleeding
- Abdominal pain
- Enlarged uterus
Diagnosis:
- Ultrasound
- Serum beta-hCG levels
- Histopathological examination of uterine tissue
Treatment:
- Suction evacuation of the uterus
- Follow-up with serial beta-hCG levels to monitor for malignant transformation

Definition: A malignant type of gestational trophoblastic disease that originates from the placenta
Characteristics:
- Highly aggressive and invasive
- Can metastasize to lungs, brain, and other organs
Symptoms:
- Vaginal bleeding
- Abdominal pain
- Shortness of breath (if lung metastases)
Diagnosis:
- Histopathological examination of uterine tissue
- Serum beta-hCG levels
- Imaging studies (e.g. CT, MRI)
Treatment:
- Chemotherapy (methotrexate, actinomycin D, etc.)
- Surgery (in some cases)

Definition: A rare type of gestational trophoblastic disease that originates from the placenta
Characteristics:
- Typically develops at the implantation site of the placenta
- Can be benign or malignant
Symptoms:
- Vaginal bleeding
- Abdominal pain
- Enlarged uterus
Diagnosis:
- Histopathological examination of uterine tissue
- Serum beta-hCG levels
- Imaging studies (e.g. CT, MRI)
Treatment:
- Hysterectomy (in most cases)
- Chemotherapy (in some cases)

Definition: A rare type of gestational trophoblastic disease that originates from the placenta
Characteristics:
- Typically develops in the uterus or cervix
- Can be benign or malignant
Symptoms:
- Vaginal bleeding
- Abdominal pain
- Enlarged uterus
Diagnosis:
- Histopathological examination of uterine tissue
- Serum beta-hCG levels
- Imaging studies (e.g. CT, MRI)
Treatment:
- Surgery (hysterectomy or tumor resection)
- Chemotherapy (in some cases)

Risk of malignant transformation:
- Complete mole: 15-20%
- Partial mole: 0.5-1%
Other complications:
- Recurrent molar pregnancy
- Thyrotoxicosis
- Preeclampsia
- Post-molar pregnancy syndrome (rare)
Follow-up care:
- Regular beta-hCG level monitoring
- Imaging studies (e.g. ultrasound, CT)
- Contraception to prevent pregnancy until beta-hCG levels return to normal

A type of gestational trophoblastic disease characterized by abnormal placental growth and formation of cysts
Two types: complete mole (only paternal chromosomes present, no fetal tissue) and partial mole (both paternal and maternal chromosomes present, some fetal tissue)
Symptoms: vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, and enlarged uterus
Diagnosis: ultrasound, serum beta-hCG levels, and histopathological examination of uterine tissue
Treatment: suction evacuation of the uterus and follow-up with serial beta-hCG levels to monitor for malignant transformation

A malignant type of gestational trophoblastic disease originating from the placenta
Characteristics: highly aggressive and invasive, can metastasize to lungs, brain, and other organs
Symptoms: vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, and shortness of breath (if lung metastases)
Diagnosis: histopathological examination of uterine tissue, serum beta-hCG levels, and imaging studies (e.g. CT, MRI)
Treatment: chemotherapy (methotrexate, actinomycin D, etc.) and surgery (in some cases)

A rare type of gestational trophoblastic disease originating from the placenta
Typically develops at the implantation site of the placenta and can be benign or malignant
Symptoms: vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, and enlarged uterus
Diagnosis: histopathological examination of uterine tissue, serum beta-hCG levels, and imaging studies (e.g. CT, MRI)
Treatment: hysterectomy (in most cases) and chemotherapy (in some cases)

A rare type of gestational trophoblastic disease originating from the placenta
Typically develops in the uterus or cervix and can be benign or malignant
Symptoms: vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, and enlarged uterus
Diagnosis: histopathological examination of uterine tissue, serum beta-hCG levels, and imaging studies (e.g. CT, MRI)
Treatment: surgery (hysterectomy or tumor resection) and chemotherapy (in some cases)

Risk of malignant transformation: 15-20% for complete mole and 0.5-1% for partial mole
Other complications: recurrent molar pregnancy, thyrotoxicosis, preeclampsia, and post-molar pregnancy syndrome (rare)
Follow-up care: regular beta-hCG level monitoring, imaging studies (e.g. ultrasound, CT), and contraception to prevent pregnancy until beta-hCG levels return to normal