Complications of Pregnancy ppt
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of complete hydatidiform mole in gestational trophoblastic neoplasia?

  • Fertilization of a normal egg with a single sperm
  • Fertilization of an empty egg by two sperm
  • Fertilization of an empty egg by a single sperm (correct)
  • A genetic mutation in the sperm

Which complication is associated with the third trimester of pregnancy?

  • Molar Pregnancy
  • Preeclampsia (correct)
  • Hyperemesis
  • Placenta Previa

In gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, what type of molar pregnancy is associated with a mix of maternal and paternal DNA?

  • Choriocarcinoma
  • Complete mole
  • Partial mole (correct)
  • Invasive mole

What is a common symptom of molar pregnancy?

<p>Vaginal bleeding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What period of gestation is most commonly associated with the diagnosis of cervical insufficiency?

<p>Second trimester (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is NOT typically diagnosed during the second trimester of pregnancy?

<p>Molar Pregnancy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia can lead to malignancies if tissue is not removed. Which form has the highest risk of malignant transformation?

<p>Complete mole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which maternal condition can significantly complicate pregnancy at any time?

<p>Maternal pre-existing conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of managing preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM)?

<p>To avoid cord compression, contractions, and infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key indication of severe preeclampsia?

<p>Proteinuria greater than 5 gm on a 24 hr sample (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In patients with gestational diabetes, what type of fetal monitoring is recommended?

<p>Nonstress test with amniotic fluid check weekly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT commonly associated with preeclampsia?

<p>Increased energy levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is delivery generally recommended for patients with gestational diabetes?

<p>By 40 weeks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential complication of preeclampsia?

<p>Hyperreflexia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What would be a potential consequence if an intrauterine infection is present in a patient with PPROM?

<p>Induction of contractions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical triad of symptoms used to diagnose preeclampsia?

<p>Edema, proteinuria, hypertension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common treatment approach for gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN)?

<p>Evacuation of the mole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by a risk of rapid immune response due to a previous exposure to Rh-positive blood?

<p>Rh isoimmunization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of cervical insufficiency?

<p>Painless cervical dilation without contractions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of preterm premature rupture of membranes?

<p>Preterm birth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a treatment option for preventing preterm labor due to previous history?

<p>Progesterone supplementation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in managing Rh isoimmunization during pregnancy?

<p>Check the mother's blood type (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is commonly used to promote fetal lung maturity?

<p>Betamethasone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk associated with cervical cerclage?

<p>Preterm labor (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized primarily by significant and intractable nausea and vomiting during pregnancy?

<p>Hyperemesis gravidarum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated if a pregnant woman has anti-Rh antibodies?

<p>Referral for further evaluation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the strongest predictor of incompetent cervix?

<p>Previous cervical surgeries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication can be effective in reducing uterine contractions by acting as an anti-prostaglandin?

<p>Indomethacin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what gestational age is Rh immunoglobulin typically administered during pregnancy for Rh-negative individuals?

<p>24 weeks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference between complete and partial molar pregnancies in terms of genetic composition?

<p>Complete moles develop exclusively from paternal genetic material, while partial moles have a mix of maternal and paternal genetic material. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most significant risk associated with complete hydatidiform moles compared to partial moles?

<p>Complete moles have a much higher risk of progressing to gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which complication could potentially manifest any time during pregnancy?

<p>Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the risk of malignant transformation differ between complete and partial moles?

<p>Complete moles have a much higher likelihood of malignant transformation than partial moles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes typical symptoms associated with molar pregnancy?

<p>Molar pregnancies are characterized by diffuse villous edema and the absence of fetal RBCs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia (GTN)

A spectrum of trophoblastic diseases (including complete molar pregnancy, partial molar pregnancies, invasive mole, and choriocarcinoma) with the potential for malignant transformation.

Complete Molar Pregnancy

A type of GTN arising from fertilization of an empty egg by one sperm, resulting in extra paternal DNA.

Partial Molar Pregnancy

A type of GTN arising from fertilization of a normal egg by two sperm, resulting in a mix of maternal and paternal DNA.

Molar Pregnancy Symptoms

Large uterus size, theca lutein cysts (possible), medical complications (possible), risk of post-molar GTN.

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Complete Mole Karyotype

Commonly 46, XX or 46, XY without maternal chromosome content.

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Rh Isoimmunization

A complication where the mother's immune system attacks the fetus due to differing Rh factors.

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Hyperemesis

Severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy.

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Placenta Previa

Placenta growing over the opening of the cervix, not usually a problem until later pregnancy.

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PPROM Management

Management of premature premature rupture of membranes focuses on preventing infection, cord compression, and contractions, typically using bed rest, avoiding cervical exams, and obtaining fluid samples for fetal lung maturity assessment. Antibiotics like ampicillin and erythromycin are often administered intravenously for 48 hours, followed by oral medication for 5 days, assisting in reducing the risks of preterm contractions and infection. Monitoring for non-reassurance is critical, and corticosteroids may be considered to accelerate fetal lung maturity.

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Preterm Labor (PTL) treatment (with PPROM)

Decision to treat PTL in a PPROM patient depends heavily on gestational age, time with corticosteroids, and infection signs. At later stages (34 weeks or more), intervention is often not needed. Amniocentesis might be used to assess fetal lung maturation and infection.

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Gestational Diabetes Monitoring

Gestational diabetes necessitates weekly non-stress tests and amniotic fluid checks to assess for polyhydramnios, placental insufficiency, and fetal well-being, typically starting around 32 weeks.

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Preeclampsia Triad

Preeclampsia diagnosis relies on three key symptoms: edema (swelling), proteinuria (protein in the urine), and hypertension (high blood pressure).

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Mild vs. Severe Preeclampsia

Preeclampsia severity is distinguished by blood pressure (BP) and proteinuria levels. Mild preeclampsia involves BP within certain ranges and moderate protein levels. Severe preeclampsia is characterized by higher BP and significantly elevated proteinuria.

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Preeclampsia Cause

Preeclampsia seems linked to issues like placental pressure, umbilical blood flow, and constriction of the spiral arterioles in the placenta.

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HELLP Syndrome

A serious form of pre-eclampsia, characterized by high blood pressure accompanied by low platelet count (low blood clotting abilities).

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Differentiating Preeclampsia from Chronic Hypertension

Distinguishing preeclampsia from chronic hypertension (cHTN) involves analyzing prior blood pressure readings before pregnancy to identify any established high blood pressure.

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Hyperemesis gravidarum

Severe, persistent nausea and vomiting during pregnancy.

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Bilateral theca lutein cysts

Enlarged cysts on both ovaries, sometimes seen in molar pregnancies.

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Vaginal bleeding (pregnancy)

Bleeding during pregnancy, may worsen as pregnancy tissue passes.

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Uterine enlargement

Larger uterus size than expected for the given gestational age.

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Pregnancy-induced hypertension

High blood pressure developing during pregnancy.

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GTN treatment

Evacuating the mole and regular follow-up for trophoblastic disease.

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Rh isoimmunization

Mother's immune system attacks fetus due to differing Rh factors.

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Rh incompatibility

Mother is Rh-negative, baby is Rh-positive.

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Cervical insufficiency

Weak cervix, dilating prematurely.

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Cervical cerclage

Suture to strengthen cervix.

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Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM)

Rupture of membranes before 37 weeks.

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Preterm labor (PTL) treatment

Bed rest, nifedipine, magnesium sulfate (IV), or terbutaline.

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Corticosteroids (preterm labor)

Medication to help fetal lung development.

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Progesterone supplementation (pregnancy)

Medication to support pregnancy

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Diagnosis of Preterm premature rupture of membranes

Vaginal pooling, positive nitrazine test, or ferning.

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Molar Pregnancy

A pregnancy complication where abnormal tissue growth replaces a normal fetus.

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Complete Mole

Molar pregnancy with no maternal DNA, only paternal DNA.

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Partial Mole

Molar pregnancy with a mix of maternal and paternal DNA.

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GTN Symptoms

Large uterus size, theca lutein cysts, possible medical issues, potential for harmful cancer later.

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1st Trimester Pregnancy Complications

Hyperemesis, bleeding, pregnancy loss, and molar pregnancy are possible issues during the first 12 weeks.

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