5 Questions
What is the shape of molecules formed by sp² hybridization?
Trigonal planar
What is the total number of hybrid orbitals formed by sp³ hybridization?
4
What is the purpose of hybridization in molecules?
To minimize electron repulsion
What type of bonds are formed by hybrid orbitals?
σ bonds
Where does hybridization occur in an atom?
In the valence shell
Study Notes
Hybridization in Chemistry
Definition: Hybridization is the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals suitable for bonding in molecules.
Types of Hybridization:
- sp³ hybridization: 1 s orbital + 3 p orbitals = 4 equivalent hybrid orbitals (tetrahedral shape)
- sp² hybridization: 1 s orbital + 2 p orbitals = 3 equivalent hybrid orbitals (trigonal planar shape)
- sp hybridization: 1 s orbital + 1 p orbital = 2 equivalent hybrid orbitals (linear shape)
Key Features:
- Hybrid orbitals are equivalent and arrange themselves in space to minimize electron repulsion
- Hybridization occurs in the valence shell of an atom
- Hybrid orbitals are used to form sigma (σ) bonds
Importance in Molecular Structure:
- Hybridization helps explain the shapes and bond angles of molecules
- It helps predict the type of bonds (σ and π) formed between atoms
- Hybridization is essential for understanding molecular geometry and polarity
Hybridization in Chemistry
- Hybridization is the process of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals suitable for bonding in molecules.
Types of Hybridization
- sp³ hybridization involves mixing 1 s orbital with 3 p orbitals to form 4 equivalent hybrid orbitals, resulting in a tetrahedral shape.
- sp² hybridization involves mixing 1 s orbital with 2 p orbitals to form 3 equivalent hybrid orbitals, resulting in a trigonal planar shape.
- sp hybridization involves mixing 1 s orbital with 1 p orbital to form 2 equivalent hybrid orbitals, resulting in a linear shape.
Key Features of Hybridization
- Hybrid orbitals are equivalent and arrange themselves in space to minimize electron repulsion.
- Hybridization occurs in the valence shell of an atom.
- Hybrid orbitals are used to form sigma (σ) bonds.
Importance of Hybridization in Molecular Structure
- Hybridization helps explain the shapes and bond angles of molecules.
- It helps predict the type of bonds (σ and π) formed between atoms.
- Hybridization is essential for understanding molecular geometry and polarity.
This quiz covers the concept of hybridization in chemistry, including its definition, types, and shapes. Test your knowledge of sp³, sp², and sp hybridization!
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