HVAC, Escalators and Piping Systems

• There are 3 types of pipe lines: water pipes, sanitary pipes, and storm drain pipes.
• Air conditioning systems cool and dehumidify air, heat and humidify air, and clean air through filtration.
• Types of AC systems include cooling-only split systems, cooling-only packaged systems, heat pumps, chilled water systems, window air conditioners, and packaged terminal heat pumps.
• A window-type AC unit has adjustable louvers, a control panel, a front grille, a filter, a thermostat sensor, an evaporator coil, a condenser coil (for liquefying), a compressor (reciprocating-piston type, centrifugal-rotary type), a fan, a partition, and a blower.

Escalators

• Escalators are moving stairways with classes of 32" and 48".
• Normal escalator speed is 90ft/min, with express speeds reaching 120ft/min and an angle of inclination of 30 degrees.
• Escalator components include a truss, track, controller, sprocket assemblies, chains, machines, handrail, and balustrade assembly.
• Escalators are arranged in parallel and crisscross configurations.

Moving Walks and Ramps

• Moving walks and ramps are for horizontal transportation, not exceeding 5 degrees inclination and are limited to 15 degrees.

Elevators (Lifts)

• Modern elevators consist of a cab (cage/car) mounted on a platform within an enclosed shaft or hoistway.
• Elevator elements include a hoistway, elevator car, cables, elevator machines, machine room, counterweights, guide rails, control equipment, and safety devices.
• Elevator types include gearless traction and geared traction systems.
• Elevator kinds are freight, dumbwaiter and plunger elevation.
• Fire sprinkler and alarm systems should be implemented as embodied in the National Building Code and Fire Code of the Philippines.
• Sprinkler systems come in fixed temperature and rate-of-rise types, providing excellent fire protection.
• Kinds of fitting: elbow 90 &45, tee, cross, couplings, reducers, nipples, cap, plug, bushing, unions
• Types of sewage disposal systems include cesspools, privies, septic tanks, and public sewer lines.
• Septic tank size and type vary based on the number of people served, contour, and soil type; pipes should be sloped.
• A catch basin is an example of a storm drain.

Important Practices in Technical Drawing

• Safety precautions must be observed, including no smoking, using clean tools, avoiding talking during work, turning off equipment before leaving, maintaining cleanliness, and using tools properly.
• Observe punctuality and respect, avoid quarrels, return borrowed items on time, and dispose of waste properly.

Architectural and Layout Details

• Architectural, structural, electrical, electronic, and mechanical layouts exist
• Sheets 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 at scale 1:100
• Considerations include plotting in CAD, pen assignments, the first step in opening CAD, default layer settings, major-related learning, handling corrupted flash drives, actions during brownouts, pencil use in sketching, and symbols/abbreviations

OSHC Workplace Regulations

• Workplaces, equipment, and furnishings should be safe, clean, hygienic, and in good repair.
• Keep the place free from rodents, cockroaches, and other vermin.
• Provide hand washing, cleaning, and waste disposal facilities and establish infection control procedures.
• Keep the floor area free from waste, water, and grease, and keep cabinets dry, clean, and closed.

Standard Operating Procedure (5's)

• Five S's: Seiri (Sorting), Seiton (Set in order), Seiso (Sweeping), Shitsuke (Sustaining), Seiketsu (Standardizing).

Kinds of Loads

• Live load: load (combined total weight) of people
• Dead load: load of wood, steel, and furniture
• Wind load: the strength of wind

Kinds of Walls

• Walls are important components of a building, made of wood or concrete.
• Load-bearing walls support or carry loads in exterior walls.
• Non-load-bearing walls do not carry or support loads in partitions or interior walls.