Hunger, Eating & Health Overview
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Questions and Answers

Julie developed a numbness in her right lower leg.

False (B)

Anorexia often involves a loss of taste for food while still occasionally craving it.

True (A)

Julie was not participating in her usual activities due to her condition.

False (B)

Bulimia nervosa involves eating excessive amounts followed by voluntary purging.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Julie worked out every day only when her parents were watching.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Positive-incentive value refers to the anticipated pleasure of a behavior.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anorexia nervosa is a disorder characterized by overeating.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Julie believed she weighed too much when she reached the clinic at 75 pounds.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Satiety signals influence when we choose to eat.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pavlovian conditioning can affect hunger cues.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Learned taste preferences only affect what foods we dislike.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Julie received positive comments about her appearance from her parents and friends during her weight loss.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The set-point assumption states that energy resources remain constant after a meal.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Energy is predominantly stored in the body as proteins.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Glycogen has the ability to attract and hold water, making it less favorable for energy storage compared to fat.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

R.H. consistently rejected meals despite a lack of long-term memory.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The cephalic phase of energy metabolism occurs when the body is fasting.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The small intestine is responsible for breaking down food and absorbing its nutrients.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fats can store almost twice as much energy as the same weight of glycogen.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The gut microbiome consists solely of beneficial bacteria that aid in digestion.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the absorptive phase, energy absorbed from a meal enters the bloodstream.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

Anorexia Nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by a distorted body image, an intense fear of gaining weight, and severe food restriction, leading to significant weight loss.

Foot Drop

A condition where a person is unable to lift the front part of their foot due to weakness or paralysis of the muscles responsible for dorsiflexion.

Peritoneal Nerve Paralysis

A condition where the peritoneal nerves, which control sensation in the abdomen, are damaged or dysfunctional, potentially leading to numbness, weakness, or pain.

Bulimia Nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by purging behaviors like vomiting, laxative abuse, or excessive exercise to compensate for the calories consumed.

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Food Cravings

A strong desire for specific foods, often triggered by physiological or emotional factors, even in individuals with eating disorders.

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What is digestion?

The process of breaking down food and absorbing its nutrients into the body. This happens within the gastrointestinal tract.

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What is the Gut Microbiome?

The collection of bacteria and other organisms living inside our digestive system. It helps break down food we eat.

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How is energy stored in the body?

Energy is stored in three forms: fat, glycogen, and protein. Most of our energy reserves are stored as fat.

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Why is fat the body's preferred energy storage?

Fat stores almost twice as much energy per gram compared to glycogen. It also doesn't hold as much water, making it more efficient.

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What are the three phases of energy metabolism?

The three phases are: Cephalic, Absorptive, and Fasting. Each phase represents how the body handles energy before, during, and after a meal.

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What happens in the Cephalic Phase of energy metabolism?

This is the preparatory phase, initiated by the sight, smell, or anticipation of food. It prepares the body for digestion.

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What happens in the Absorptive Phase of energy metabolism?

This is when the body absorbs energy from the meal into the bloodstream. It's the phase where energy is used to fuel the body and store excess.

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What happens in the Fasting Phase of energy metabolism?

This is when the body is using the stored energy from the previous meal as the energy from the meal has been used up.

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Set-Point Assumption

The theory that our bodies have a pre-set weight range (set-point) that we naturally try to maintain. After eating, our energy levels are assumed to be near this set-point and gradually decline as we use energy.

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Positive-Incentive Perspective

The theory that we eat not primarily due to internal energy deficits but because of the anticipated pleasure associated with food. This anticipated pleasure is called the 'positive-incentive value' of eating.

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Learned Taste Preferences and Aversions

Our eating choices are heavily influenced by past experiences. We develop preferences for flavors and textures we associate with positive experiences and develop aversions for those associated with negative experiences.

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Premeal Hunger

The feeling of hunger that arises before a meal, often triggered by the anticipation of eating.

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Pavlovian Conditioning of Hunger

Learning to associate certain cues or situations with the experience of eating, which can trigger feelings of hunger.

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Satiety Signals

Physiological signals sent from the stomach and intestines to the brain, indicating fullness and suppressing hunger.

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Sham Eating

A situation where food is ingested but does not reach the stomach, showing that satiety signals come from the stomach, not just from the taste of food.

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Appetizer Effect and Satiety

The observation that eating a small appetizer before a large meal can actually make you feel less full than if you had started with the larger meal.

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Study Notes

Hunger, Eating & Health

  • Key topics include digestion, energy storage, energy utilization, theories of hunger and eating, factors determining eating habits, and eating disorders.
  • A case study of R.H., a 48-year-old male with amnesia, reveals his preference for veal parmigiana (approximately 750 calories) and apple juice. He readily consumed food offered, highlighting the possible disconnect between hunger cues and memory.
  • Digestion involves the gastrointestinal process of breaking down food and absorbing nutrients.
  • The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in digestion, with bacteria and other organisms inside the gastrointestinal tract breaking down ingested food.
  • The digestive system includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, large intestine, small intestine, rectum, and anus.
  • Energy storage occurs in three forms: fat, glycogen, and proteins.
  • Fat stores significantly more energy per unit weight compared to glycogen.
  • Glycogen, though, absorbs more water, impacting storage capacity.
  • Energy metabolism is divided into three phases: cephalic (preparatory), absorptive (energy absorption), and fasting (energy withdrawal).
  • The set-point assumption suggests that after eating, a person's energy resources are initially at their set point, but then decline as the body uses energy for physiological processes.
  • The positive-incentive perspective indicates that humans are motivated to eat not only by internal energy deficits, but also by the anticipated pleasure of eating.
  • Factors influencing what we eat include learned taste preferences and aversions as well as learning to eat vitamins and minerals.
  • Factors influencing when we eat include premeal hunger, Pavlovian conditioning of hunger, satiety signals, sham eating, and the appetizer effect and satiety.
  • Eating disorders include anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.
  • Anorexia nervosa is a disorder characterized by underconsumption, a serious condition.
  • Bulimia nervosa is a disorder defined by periods of not eating disrupted by bingeing followed by purging to compensate for the consumed calories.
  • A case study of Julie illustrates an individual suffering anorexia nervosa. Her initial weight was 140 pounds, 5 feet 1 inch. She engaged in extreme dieting and exercise. Despite her parents' concerns, Julie continued to insist on her choice of weight reduction. She was initially determined to succeed, resulting in a focus on negative symptoms for self-evaluation, and a feeling of control and mastery.

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PhysPsych Hunger, Eating & Health PDF

Description

This quiz covers key concepts related to hunger, eating behaviors, and health. It delves into topics such as digestion, energy storage, eating disorders, and the influence of the gut microbiome. A case study highlights the complexities of hunger cues and memory, illustrating the intricate relationship between these factors.

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