Questions and Answers
Proteins are:
What is one key difference between proteins and the other macronutrients?
Amino acids are molecules composed of a central carbon atom connected to four other groups: an acid group, a hydrogen atom, a side chain, and a(n) ________ group.
amine
What is unique about an essential amino acid?
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The portion of the amino acid that changes to give each amino acid its unique identity is the:
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A peptide bond is when:
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Gene expression refers to the process of:
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The DNA for making every protein in our bodies is contained in every cell's nucleus.
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The term oligopeptide is used to identify a string of how many amino acids?
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Which level of a protein's structure determines its function in the body?
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To protect the proteins in our body tissues make sure:
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The functions of proteins do NOT include:
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What kind of proteins are found within the cell membrane that assist in fluid balance?
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During digestion, where are proteins broken apart by hydrochloric acid?
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What are the enzymes that digest proteins in the small intestine?
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The RDA for protein for sedentary people is:
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What is the recommended percentage of total energy intake that should come from protein?
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A high protein intake can be harmful because it can:
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We can absorb more than 90% of the amino acids in soy protein sources.
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A highly specialized procedure referred to as ________ is used to determine a person's protein needs.
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A semivegetarian is someone who:
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The most common reasons for being vegetarian include:
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What is the main nutritional concern associated with a vegan diet?
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Study Notes
Proteins Overview
- Proteins are large complex molecules present in all living cells, not exclusively for muscle building and repair.
- Dietary protein is essential as the body does not store it; regular intake is necessary.
Key Differences with Other Macronutrients
- Protein structure is directed by DNA, distinguishing it from other macronutrients.
Amino Acids Composition
- Amino acids consist of a central carbon atom attached to four groups: an acid group, a hydrogen atom, a side chain, and an amine group.
- The side chain provides unique identity to each amino acid.
Essential Amino Acids
- Essential amino acids must be obtained from the diet to meet physiological needs and are not produced by the body.
Peptide Bonds
- Peptide bonds are formed when two amino acids join together.
Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis
- Gene expression entails using a gene to create a protein, facilitated within the cell's nucleus.
Oligopeptide Definition
- An oligopeptide consists of a chain of four to nine amino acids.
Protein Structure Levels
- The tertiary structure of a protein is crucial in determining its function within the body.
Protein Requirements
- Adequate calories from carbohydrates and fats are essential to protect proteins in body tissues.
- The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for protein in sedentary adults is 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight.
- Total energy intake recommendations suggest that 10-35% should come from protein.
Risks of High Protein Intake
- High protein consumption can increase the risk of heart disease without providing significant satiety.
Amino Acid Absorption
- More than 90% of amino acids from soy protein sources can be absorbed.
Protein Needs Assessment
- Nitrogen balance is a specialized method used to determine individual protein needs.
Vegetarian Diets
- Semivegetarians limit red meat consumption but may still eat other animal products.
- Common motivations for vegetarianism include ecological, ethical, and health considerations.
Vegan Diet Concerns
- Vegans may face nutritional concerns related to deficiencies in calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin B12, and vitamin D due to exclusion of animal products.
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Description
Test your knowledge on proteins and their functions with these flashcards from Chapter 6 of HUN 201. This quiz covers key concepts such as the structure, types, and dietary importance of proteins. Perfect for midterm review!