HUN 201 Midterm Flashcards Chapter 6

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Questions and Answers

Proteins are:

Exclusively for muscle building and repair

Large complex molecules found in the cells of all living things (correct)

Stored in abundance, so dietary protein is required daily

None of the above

What is one key difference between proteins and the other macronutrients?

Protein structure is determined by DNA (correct)

Proteins are larger molecules than fats and carbohydrates

Protein is the only essential macronutrient

Protein's calorie value per gram

Amino acids are molecules composed of a central carbon atom connected to four other groups: an acid group, a hydrogen atom, a side chain, and a(n) ________ group.

amine

What is unique about an essential amino acid?

It must be obtained from the diet to meet physiological needs Signup and view all the answers

The portion of the amino acid that changes to give each amino acid its unique identity is the:

Side chain Signup and view all the answers

A peptide bond is when:

Two amino acids join together Signup and view all the answers

Gene expression refers to the process of:

Using a gene in a cell to make a protein Signup and view all the answers

The DNA for making every protein in our bodies is contained in every cell's nucleus.

True Signup and view all the answers

The term oligopeptide is used to identify a string of how many amino acids?

Four to nine Signup and view all the answers

Which level of a protein's structure determines its function in the body?

Tertiary Signup and view all the answers

To protect the proteins in our body tissues make sure:

There are adequate calories from carbohydrates and fats in the diet Signup and view all the answers

The functions of proteins do NOT include:

Use as the primary energy source Signup and view all the answers

What kind of proteins are found within the cell membrane that assist in fluid balance?

Transport proteins Signup and view all the answers

During digestion, where are proteins broken apart by hydrochloric acid?

Stomach Signup and view all the answers

What are the enzymes that digest proteins in the small intestine?

Proteases Signup and view all the answers

The RDA for protein for sedentary people is:

0.8 gram per kg body weight Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended percentage of total energy intake that should come from protein?

10-35% Signup and view all the answers

A high protein intake can be harmful because it can:

Increase the risk of heart disease Signup and view all the answers

We can absorb more than 90% of the amino acids in soy protein sources.

True Signup and view all the answers

A highly specialized procedure referred to as ________ is used to determine a person's protein needs.

nitrogen balance Signup and view all the answers

A semivegetarian is someone who:

Typically excludes or limits red meat Signup and view all the answers

The most common reasons for being vegetarian include:

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the main nutritional concern associated with a vegan diet?

The possibility of calcium, iron, zinc, and B12, and vitamin D deficiencies Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Proteins Overview

Proteins are large complex molecules present in all living cells, not exclusively for muscle building and repair.
Dietary protein is essential as the body does not store it; regular intake is necessary.

Key Differences with Other Macronutrients

Protein structure is directed by DNA, distinguishing it from other macronutrients.

Amino Acids Composition

Amino acids consist of a central carbon atom attached to four groups: an acid group, a hydrogen atom, a side chain, and an amine group.
The side chain provides unique identity to each amino acid.

Essential Amino Acids

Essential amino acids must be obtained from the diet to meet physiological needs and are not produced by the body.

Peptide Bonds

Peptide bonds are formed when two amino acids join together.

Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis

Gene expression entails using a gene to create a protein, facilitated within the cell's nucleus.

Oligopeptide Definition

An oligopeptide consists of a chain of four to nine amino acids.

Protein Structure Levels

The tertiary structure of a protein is crucial in determining its function within the body.

Protein Requirements

Adequate calories from carbohydrates and fats are essential to protect proteins in body tissues.
The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for protein in sedentary adults is 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight.
Total energy intake recommendations suggest that 10-35% should come from protein.

Risks of High Protein Intake

High protein consumption can increase the risk of heart disease without providing significant satiety.

Amino Acid Absorption

More than 90% of amino acids from soy protein sources can be absorbed.

Protein Needs Assessment

Nitrogen balance is a specialized method used to determine individual protein needs.

Vegetarian Diets

Semivegetarians limit red meat consumption but may still eat other animal products.
Common motivations for vegetarianism include ecological, ethical, and health considerations.

Vegan Diet Concerns

Vegans may face nutritional concerns related to deficiencies in calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin B12, and vitamin D due to exclusion of animal products.

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Description

Test your knowledge on proteins and their functions with these flashcards from Chapter 6 of HUN 201. This quiz covers key concepts such as the structure, types, and dietary importance of proteins. Perfect for midterm review!