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Questions and Answers
The unfolding of a protein by heat or chemical treatment is referred to as:
The unfolding of a protein by heat or chemical treatment is referred to as:
- uncoupling
- depolymerization
- denaturation (correct)
- hydrolysis
- disaggregation
The fully folded structure of a functional protein composed of a single polypeptide chain is referred to as:
The fully folded structure of a functional protein composed of a single polypeptide chain is referred to as:
- tertiary (correct)
- quaternary
- primary
- secondary
Proteins that prevent inappropriate folding of newly synthesized proteins are called:
Proteins that prevent inappropriate folding of newly synthesized proteins are called:
- polymerases
- ribosomes
- chaperones (correct)
- enzymes
- synthetases
Most proteins retain metabolic activity when denatured.
Most proteins retain metabolic activity when denatured.
Which factor would have an effect on the shape of a protein?
Which factor would have an effect on the shape of a protein?
Which of the following is the actual event that translates the language of nucleic acids to the language of proteins?
Which of the following is the actual event that translates the language of nucleic acids to the language of proteins?
How is the amino acid held on the charged tRNA?
How is the amino acid held on the charged tRNA?
How many aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzymes must be present in cells to properly synthesize proteins?
How many aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzymes must be present in cells to properly synthesize proteins?
The ribosome ______ subunit has ______ binding sites for tRNA molecules.
The ribosome ______ subunit has ______ binding sites for tRNA molecules.
Enzymatic catalysis of the peptide bond between the growing polypeptide and the next incoming amino acid takes place in which binding site?
Enzymatic catalysis of the peptide bond between the growing polypeptide and the next incoming amino acid takes place in which binding site?
What feature or structure indicates that this is eukaryotic translation?
What feature or structure indicates that this is eukaryotic translation?
Which of the answer choices occurs in the E site of the ribosome during translation?
Which of the answer choices occurs in the E site of the ribosome during translation?
Which step occurs in the P site of the ribosome during translation?
Which step occurs in the P site of the ribosome during translation?
Which step occurs in the A site of the ribosome during translation?
Which step occurs in the A site of the ribosome during translation?
When a charged tRNA is about to bind to the vacant A site of a ribosome, where is the growing polypeptide?
When a charged tRNA is about to bind to the vacant A site of a ribosome, where is the growing polypeptide?
Binding sites for tRNA are located in:
Binding sites for tRNA are located in:
Assuming A-U and G-C pairing between the anticodon and the codon, what anticodon in tRNAMet would pair with the codon 5′-AUG-3′?
Assuming A-U and G-C pairing between the anticodon and the codon, what anticodon in tRNAMet would pair with the codon 5′-AUG-3′?
Ribosomes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes are:
Ribosomes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes are:
In a protein-coding region of DNA, any mutation that replaces a single nucleotide for another will replace any amino acid with any other amino acid.
In a protein-coding region of DNA, any mutation that replaces a single nucleotide for another will replace any amino acid with any other amino acid.
Protein families contain proteins with identical primary, secondary, and tertiary structures.
Protein families contain proteins with identical primary, secondary, and tertiary structures.
In a population of organisms, beneficial and harmful random mutations are retained or eliminated through the process of:
In a population of organisms, beneficial and harmful random mutations are retained or eliminated through the process of:
An area of a polypeptide that bends in a particular way, relatively independent of the rest of the molecule, is a folding:
An area of a polypeptide that bends in a particular way, relatively independent of the rest of the molecule, is a folding:
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Study Notes
Protein Structure and Translation
- Denaturation is the process where proteins unfold due to heat or chemical treatment, leading to loss of function.
- The fully folded and functional structure of a protein consisting of a single polypeptide chain is termed tertiary structure.
- Chaperones are proteins that assist in the proper folding of newly synthesized proteins, preventing misfolding.
- Most proteins lose metabolic activity upon denaturation; thus, denaturation is typically irreversible and damaging.
- Protein shape is influenced by environmental factors, including hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of surrounding molecules, pH, ion concentrations, and temperature.
- Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase attaches the appropriate amino acid to tRNA, translating nucleic acid sequences into protein-building blocks.
- The bond holding the amino acid to charged tRNA is a covalent bond, ensuring stable attachment.
- There are 20 different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase enzymes in cells, each specific to one amino acid.
- The large ribosomal subunit contains three binding sites (A, P, E) for tRNA during translation.
- Enzymatic catalysis of peptide bond formation occurs at the A site within the ribosome.
- In eukaryotic translation, the small ribosomal subunit scans the 5' end of mRNA to find the start codon (AUG).
- During translation, uncharged tRNA is ejected from the E site of the ribosome as it moves to the next codon.
- The P site holds the tRNA with the growing polypeptide chain while the ribosome advances.
- The A site is where an incoming charged tRNA binds, signaling the next amino acid addition.
- When a charged tRNA approaches the vacant A site, the growing polypeptide is located in the P site.
- tRNA binding sites are specifically located within the large ribosomal subunit.
- The anticodon for tRNA^Met that pairs with the codon 5′-AUG-3′ is 5′-CAU-3′, ensuring correct translation via complimentary base pairing.
- Ribosomes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes are structurally similar and utilize the same genetic code for translation.
- Mutations that replace a single nucleotide in a protein-coding region of DNA do not guarantee the replacement of one amino acid with another.
- Protein families do not consist of proteins with identical structures; they can vary while sharing similar functions or sequences.
- Selection in populations determines the retention or elimination of beneficial or harmful mutations.
- A folding domain refers to a specific area of a polypeptide that bends in a specific manner, functioning somewhat independently of the overall molecule structure.
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