39 Questions
What is the most common cause of femur fractures in nonambulatory infants?
Non-accidental trauma
What type of ankle fracture results from a twisting injury and affects the stability of the ankle mortise?
Lisfranc Injury
Which fracture type is commonly treated conservatively unless there is intra-articular disruption or it occurs in the avascular watershed area?
Avulsion fracture of base of 5th metatarsal
Which type of fractures are associated with high specificity for non-accidental injuries in children?
Spinous process fractures
What is the most common cause of death in children resulting from deliberate actions against them?
Non-accidental trauma
Which type of fracture is often a result of a direct blow onto the knee?
Distal femur fracture
In elderly individuals with osteoporosis, which type of fracture is the most common?
Pubic ramus fracture
What is the 30-day mortality rate for neck of femur fractures in the UK?
6.5%
What is the goal in cases of pelvic fractures associated with high-velocity trauma?
To stabilize the pelvis with external fixator and stop hemorrhage
What type of trauma often results in high-velocity pelvic fractures in young people?
Serious road traffic accident (RTC)
Which type of fracture is characterized by incomplete breakage of the bone, typically seen in pediatric patients due to the flexibility of their bones?
Greenstick fracture
In pediatric patients, what type of fracture results from the bone bending and bulging but not breaking completely?
Torus fracture
What is the term for a fracture that occurs near or at the end of a long bone, involving the growth plate (physis) in children?
Growth plate fracture
Which type of fracture results in the bone breaking into several pieces, often due to high-energy trauma or severe crush injuries?
Comminuted fracture
What type of fracture occurs when the bone is broken at an angle across its long axis, commonly resulting from a twisting injury?
Spiral fracture
Which type of fracture suggests a mechanism of injury that involves a twisting force?
Spiral
What is the characteristic of a greenstick fracture?
It is an incomplete fracture with one side splintered and the other side bent
In which type of fracture is the bone broken into multiple pieces?
Comminuted
What is the characteristic of a torus fracture?
It involves buckling of the cortex without disruption of the bone's continuity
Which type of fracture involves a fragment of bone being pulled away from the bone by a forceful muscle pull or ligamentous avulsion?
Avulsion
Which type of fracture is the third most common in patients over 65 years old?
Proximal humerus fracture
What is the less invasive fixation option for proximal humerus fractures?
Proximal humeral nail
Which type of fracture is caused by violent muscle contraction?
Fracture of the humeral shaft
When is the proximal humeral locking plate 3.5 used?
In proximal humerus fractures with proximal comminution
What determines the treatment for proximal humerus fractures?
All of the above
What is the success rate of union for humeral fractures with closed, nonsurgical treatment?
98%
Which type of humeral fracture is most commonly associated with neuropraxia?
Spiral fractures of the middle 1/3
In fractures of the distal humerus, what is essential for stable internal fixation of the articular surface?
Perfect alignment of the articular surface
What is the recommended treatment for most forearm fractures?
Surgical treatment with ORIF using plates
What diagnostic tool can help determine the degree of nerve injury and monitor the rate of nerve regeneration in cases of radial nerve injury?
EMG and nerve conduction studies
What is the function of the AC ligaments?
Control horizontal displacement
Which ligaments are known as the 'Suspensory ligaments of the upper extremity'?
Coracoclavicular ligaments
In clavicle fractures, which group is the least common?
Group III: Medial third
What is the 'Standard of Care' for most clavicle fractures?
Nonoperative treatment
Which component of the Coracoclavicular ligaments is stronger than AC ligaments?
Conoid
Which type of clavicle fractures have a higher incidence of nonunion if significantly displaced?
Distal third fractures
In scapula fractures, what injury is more threatening than the broken scapula?
Lung injury
What is the classification for clavicle fractures with approximately 80% occurrence?
Group I: Middle third
What type of treatment is 'Standard of Care' for most clavicle fractures?
Nonoperative treatment
Explore the nonsurgical and surgical treatment options for humeral fractures including the outcomes, union rates, restoration of range of motion, and potential complications.
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