Proximal Humeral and Clavicle Fractures

A fracture that occurs at the proximal humeral growth plate, typically in young athletes involved in throwing sports.

A stress fracture of the proximal humeral growth plate, caused by repetitive throwing motions.

A powerful medial rotation and adduction force applied to the humeral epiphysis during the deceleration phase of throwing, leading to stress on the growth plate.

Imaging findings of a widening growth plate and demineralization of the metaphyseal side of the physis on X-ray.

Pain in the shoulder, especially when throwing hard.

Initial treatment involves rest and education to stop throwing activities.

Focuses on improving range of motion, strength, endurance, and proprioception.

A fracture that occurs in the elderly, often due to osteoporosis, usually with minimal trauma.

Initial immobilization with a sling for a period of 2-4 weeks, followed by gentle exercises.

Complications can include rotator cuff tears, axillary nerve damage, and stiffness.

A fracture of the clavicle (collarbone), most common fracture of the shoulder girdle, often caused by a direct blow to the shoulder or a fall onto the outstretched arm.

Classification of clavicle fractures based on the location of the break:

A sprain or tear of the ligaments that connect the acromion (part of the shoulder blade) to the clavicle (collarbone).

A type of AC joint sprain where the AC ligaments are stretched or partially torn, but the clavicle remains in its normal position.

A type of AC joint sprain where the AC ligaments are completely torn and the clavicle is slightly displaced.

A type of AC joint sprain where the AC and CC ligaments are completely torn and the clavicle is significantly displaced.

A fracture of the scapula (shoulder blade), relatively uncommon but can be serious.

A condition characterized by pain and inflammation in the space under the acromion bone, affecting the rotator cuff tendons and bursa.

A tear of one or more of the rotator cuff muscles, often involving the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis.

A condition caused by compression of the median nerve in the pronator teres muscle, leading to pain, numbness, and weakness in the forearm and hand.

A condition caused by entrapment of a branch of the median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve) at or below the elbow, resulting in weakness and paralysis in the forearm and hand.

A condition caused by compression of the radial nerve in the area near the lateral epicondyle, leading to pain and weakness in the forearm and hand.

A condition caused by compression of the posterior interosseous nerve, a branch of the radial nerve, leading to pain and weakness in the forearm and hand.

A condition where the extensor tendon of the finger is injured, often resulting in difficulty straightening the tip of the finger.

A condition where the flexor tendon of the finger is torn or avulsed, commonly caused by a forceful extension of the finger during a grasping action.

A tear in the rotator cuff muscles, causing pain and clicking in the shoulder.

Compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel, leading to numbness, tingling, and weakness in the thumb, index, middle, and part of the ring finger.

Compression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow, causing numbness, tingling, and weakness in the little finger and the ring finger.

Compression of the radial nerve in the axilla (armpit) due to prolonged use of crutches, often causing pain, numbness, and weakness in the wrist and fingers.

Compression of the brachial plexus and/or subclavian artery in the space between the collarbone and the first rib, leading to pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness in the arm and hand.

A condition causing a thickening and contraction of the palmar fascia, leading to a bent finger that cannot be straightened.

A fracture in the neck of the fifth metacarpal bone, often caused by a punch.

A fracture-dislocation of the first carpometacarpal (CMC) joint, usually caused by a fall onto an outstretched hand.

A tear of the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb, often caused by a forceful abduction or hyperextension.

A condition where the wrist bones are unstable, leading to pain and instability.

A fracture of the scaphoid bone in the wrist, commonly caused by a fall onto an outstretched hand.

Degeneration and inflammation of a joint, most commonly affecting the thumb's CMC joint.

An autoimmune disease causing inflammation of the joints, often affecting the MCP joints in the hand.

Signs of OA in the DIP joints, appearing as bony bumps.

Signs of OA in the PIP joints, appearing as bony bumps.

A fracture of the clavicle (collarbone), most commonly caused by a direct blow or a fall onto the outstretched arm. It is the most common fracture of the shoulder girdle.

A sprain or tear of the ligaments that connect the acromion (part of the shoulder blade) to the clavicle (collarbone).

A classification of clavicle fractures based on the location of the break: Group I (middle 1/3rd, most common), Group II (distal 1/3rd), Group III (medial 1/3rd, least common).

A fracture of the scapula (shoulder blade), relatively uncommon but can be serious. It is often caused by a direct blow to the shoulder or a fall.

A condition characterized by pain and inflammation in the space under the acromion bone (part of the shoulder blade). It affects the tendons and bursa of the rotator cuff.

A tear of one or more of the rotator cuff muscles, often involving the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis.

A condition caused by compression of the median nerve in the pronator teres muscle, leading to pain, numbness, and weakness in the forearm and hand. Often seen in people with repetitive hand motions.

A condition caused by entrapment of a branch of the median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve) at or below the elbow, resulting in weakness and paralysis in the forearm and hand.

A condition caused by compression of the radial nerve in the area near the lateral epicondyle (outside of your elbow). It leads to pain and weakness in the forearm and hand.

A condition caused by compression of the posterior interosseous nerve, a branch of the radial nerve, leading to pain and weakness in the forearm and hand. It can be caused by overuse or injury.

An injury to the extensor tendon of the finger, commonly caused by a sudden forceful flexion of the fingertip.

An avulsion (tearing off) or rupture of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon, often caused by forceful extension of the finger during a grasping action.

Inflammation (tenosynovitis) of the abductor pollicis longus (APL) and extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) tendons, located in the first dorsal compartment of the wrist. Often caused by repetitive thumb movements.

A tear of the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC), a disc-like structure that provides cushioning between the ulna bone and the triquetrum bone in the wrist.

A fracture of the neck of the fifth metacarpal bone, often caused by a punch. It typically results in a bend in the pinky finger.

The initial treatment for nondisplaced fractures is immobilization with a sling, typically for 2-4 weeks. This is followed by gentle exercises to restore range of motion and strength.

Treatment for Little Leaguer's Shoulder involves stopping throwing activities initially. Rehabilitation focuses on improving range of motion, strength, endurance, and proprioception. When reintroducing throwing, it has to be gradual and controlled.

Most proximal humerus fractures in elderly are non-displaced and can be treated conservatively (immobilization and rehabilitation). More serious displaced fractures may require surgery (ORIF, hemi-arthroplasty, total shoulder arthroplasty).

Imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosing both types of proximal humeral fractures. X-rays help identify the fracture's location, displacement, and any associated injuries.

Both Little Leaguer's Shoulder and proximal humeral fractures in the elderly require a careful and gradual approach to rehabilitation. This ensures proper healing and minimizes the risk of complications.

Compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel, leading to numbness, tingling, and weakness in the thumb, index, middle, and part of the ring finger.

A condition where the wrist bones are unstable, leading to pain and instability.

Compression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow, causing numbness, tingling, and weakness in the little finger and the ring finger.

A condition causing a thickening and contraction of the palmar fascia, leading to a bent finger that cannot be straightened.

A tear of the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb, often caused by a forceful abduction or hyperextension.

A fracture of the scaphoid bone in the wrist, commonly caused by a fall onto an outstretched hand.

Compression of the radial nerve in the axilla (armpit) due to prolonged use of crutches, often causing pain, numbness, and weakness in the wrist and fingers.

A fracture-dislocation of the first carpometacarpal (CMC) joint, usually caused by a fall onto an outstretched hand.

Degeneration and inflammation of a joint, most commonly affecting the thumb's CMC joint.

Compression of the brachial plexus and/or subclavian artery in the space between the collarbone and the first rib, leading to pain, numbness, tingling, and weakness in the arm and hand.