Proximal Humeral and Clavicle Fractures Quiz

A fracture at the top of the humerus, often occurring in young athletes during throwing activities. This occurs in the growth plate, which is still developing in young athletes. It leads to a stress fracture after repeated forceful medial rotation and adduction during throwing.

A fracture of the proximal humerus that happens in older adults, often caused by a fall or direct impact to the shoulder due to weakened bones (osteoporosis). Most are non-displaced and treated conservatively, but displaced or intra-articular fractures may require surgery.

This type of fracture occurs at the epiphysis (growth plate) of the humerus, typically in young athletes involved in repetitive throwing activities. It is caused by forceful traction and stress from forceful medial rotation and adduction commonly seen during the deceleration phase of a throw.

A common treatment for proximal humeral fractures (especially in elderly individuals), primarily in those with nondisplaced fractures. Initial immobilization can be achieved using a sling for a specified time frame, typically determined by the severity of the fracture.

After initial immobilization, rehabilitation plays a crucial role in recovering from a proximal humeral fracture, including restoring range of motion, strengthening muscles, and improving balance and coordination.

Careful and gradual re-introduction of stress during the rehabilitation process is essential for a successful recovery from a proximal humeral fracture, especially for athletes who are returning to throwing activities.

A potential complication after a proximal humeral fracture, especially in elderly individuals with weakened bones. The rotator cuff is a group of muscles that help stabilize the shoulder joint.

A potential complication following a proximal humeral fracture, injury to the axillary nerve, which provides sensation to the shoulder and controls some muscles in the arm.

A common complication after a proximal humeral fracture, especially in elderly individuals. It is a limitation in the range of motion of the shoulder joint.

A surgical procedure aimed at repairing and stabilizing a displaced proximal humeral fracture, particularly in cases requiring intervention beyond conservative treatment.

A tear in the rotator cuff muscles, often causing pain and clicking, and usually diagnosed with a physical exam involving applying pressure.

A condition where a nerve is compressed, causing numbness, tingling, and weakness. Different nerves are affected in different locations.

Caused by compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel, often leading to numbness, tingling, and weakness in the thumb, index, and middle fingers.

A condition where the ulnar nerve is compressed, leading to numbness and tingling in the little finger and half the ring finger. It often involves a specific anatomical location (cubital tunnel).

Compression of the radial nerve as it passes through the axilla, often caused by prolonged use of crutches. It can lead to pain, numbness, and weakness in the wrist and fingers.

A rare condition where the brachial plexus (network of nerves) and/or subclavian artery are compressed in the space between the collarbone and first rib.

A condition that causes the palmar fascia to thicken and contract, leading to a bent finger. It can be caused by genetics or other factors.

A fracture of the neck of the 5th metacarpal bone, leading to a deformity. It's often caused by punching something, and typically treated conservatively with immobilization.

This fracture-dislocation affects the thumb's base joint, potentially leading to osteoarthritis. It requires careful treatment to ensure joint alignment.

A tear of the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb's MCP joint, often caused by forceful abduction (thumb twisting). It can be treated conservatively with splinting or surgically repaired if severe.

A category of wrist instability where the scaphoid and lunate bones are no longer aligned properly. It's a common wrist injury.

This refers to a fracture of the scaphoid bone, the most commonly missed fracture on a radiograph. Commonly caused by falling onto an outstretched hand.

Degenerative arthritis, most common at the base of the thumb. Also involves the PIP and DIP joints causing Herberden’s and Bouchard’s nodes, respectively.

Rheumatoid arthritis affects the MCP joints, creating deformities such as boutonniere, swan neck and ulnar drift.

A test for carpal tunnel syndrome where the patient holds their wrists in extreme flexion for a minute. Positive signs are tingling and/or numbness.

A fracture of the clavicle, most commonly occurring in the middle third of the bone.

A condition involving a rupture of the acromioclavicular (AC) and coracoclavicular (CC) ligaments, resulting in a true dislocation of the AC joint.

An injury to the extensor mechanism of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint, often affecting the middle finger.

An injury to the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendon, typically occurring at the distal phalanx of the middle or ring finger.

Inflammation or tenosynovitis of the abductor pollicis longus (APL) and extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) tendons, which are located in the first dorsal compartment of the wrist.

A painful condition involving a progressive narrowing of the space between the acromion and the humeral head, often leading to impingement of the rotator cuff tendons.

A fracture of the scapula, which is relatively uncommon but can occur due to significant trauma.

An injury to the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) that acts as a cushion between the ulna and triquetrum bones.

A condition involving entrapment of the median nerve in the pronator teres muscle, typically occurring in the forearm.

Entrapment of a branch of the median nerve known as the anterior interosseous nerve, located at or distal to the elbow.

Radial Tunnel Syndrome

A condition involving compression of the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN), a branch of the radial nerve, usually at the level of the radial head.

A condition that occurs when there is an uncontrolled contraction of the biceps muscle in the arm, often caused by a sudden forceful movement.

Inflammation or irritation of the tendons in the wrist, often caused by repetitive use.

Pain and inflammation of the tendons that attach to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, often caused by repetitive use or overuse.