Humboldt Current and Upwelling in the Pacific Ocean

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What is the connection between El Niño and the Southern Oscillation?

They have no connection

El Niño leads to the formation of the Southern Oscillation

They are closely linked and often referred to jointly as ENSO (correct)

They are two separate weather phenomena

What is the significance of the pressure gradient between the eastern and western Pacific during a typical year?

It has no impact on the ocean currents

It weakens the trade winds

It causes a cold surface current in the equatorial waters

It enhances the trade winds and results in a warm surface current moving east to west at the equator (correct)

What happens to sea-surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific when an El Niño event occurs?

They remain constant

They show no significant change

They decrease

They increase due to warm water flowing eastward from the western Pacific (correct)

How do scientists typically document past El Niño events?

By analyzing records such as sea-surface temperature, atmospheric pressure, rainfall, fisheries records, and historical documents Signup and view all the answers

What has been observed about the frequency of El Niño events over time?

Historical evidence suggests they are becoming more frequent Signup and view all the answers

What causes the nutrient-rich cold water along the coasts of Ecuador and Peru to rise from deeper depths to more shallow ones?

The westward-flowing trade winds Signup and view all the answers

Why is fishing, especially for anchovies, a major industry along the coasts of Ecuador and Peru?

As a result of the upwelling of nutrient-rich cold water Signup and view all the answers

Why does fishing come to a standstill during the weak, warm countercurrent period in December and January?

Because the warm water disrupts the upwelling of nutrients Signup and view all the answers

Why do the residents of the region refer to the warm-water countercurrent period as El Niño?

Because it coincides with the birth celebration of Jesus Christ Signup and view all the answers

What has the term El Niño come to be used for over the last few decades?

To describe exceptionally strong episodes of disruption in ocean currents Signup and view all the answers

Humboldt Current and Upwelling in the Pacific Ocean

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Questions and Answers

What is the connection between El Niño and the Southern Oscillation?

What is the significance of the pressure gradient between the eastern and western Pacific during a typical year?

What happens to sea-surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific when an El Niño event occurs?

How do scientists typically document past El Niño events?

What has been observed about the frequency of El Niño events over time?

What causes the nutrient-rich cold water along the coasts of Ecuador and Peru to rise from deeper depths to more shallow ones?

Why is fishing, especially for anchovies, a major industry along the coasts of Ecuador and Peru?

Why does fishing come to a standstill during the weak, warm countercurrent period in December and January?

Why do the residents of the region refer to the warm-water countercurrent period as El Niño?

What has the term El Niño come to be used for over the last few decades?

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