Humanistic Psychology Overview
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Questions and Answers

What distinguishes humanistic psychology from the earlier psychodynamic and behaviourist approaches?

  • Neglect of consciousness
  • Focus on human capacity for self-determination (correct)
  • Emphasis on unconscious drives
  • Application of physical science methods to human behavior
  • According to humanistic psychology, what are the key psychological forces determining human behavior?

  • Physical science methods
  • Unconscious drives
  • Consciousness
  • Intentionality and ethical values (correct)
  • Why did early humanistic psychologists react against behaviourism and psychoanalysis?

  • Emphasis on unconscious drives
  • Neglect of crucial subjective data and relegation of consciousness (correct)
  • Overemphasis on intentionality
  • Strong focus on ethical values
  • How does humanistic psychology view the capacity of individuals?

    <p>To become more aware, free, responsible, life-affirming, and trustworthy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did humanistic psychologists seek to restore in reaction to behaviourism and psychoanalysis?

    <p>The importance of consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of existential therapy?

    <p>Encouraging the client to make present and future choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In humanistic psychology, what is the main purpose of using unconditional positive regard and empathy in client-centred therapy?

    <p>To help build trust between the client and therapist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes gestalt therapy from other approaches in terms of patient feelings?

    <p>Understanding what patients are feeling and how they are feeling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychologist is credited with introducing person or client-centred therapy?

    <p>Carl Rogers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does humanistic psychology differ from psychoanalysis in terms of self-focus?

    <p>Psychoanalysis focuses on self-reflection, while humanistic psychology focuses on choices in the present and future</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes humanistic psychology from psychodynamic and behaviourist psychology?

    <p>Focus on intentionality and ethical values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did humanistic psychology emerge as a distinct force in psychology in the late 1950s?

    <p>To restore the importance of consciousness and offer a holistic view</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does humanistic psychology differ from psychoanalysis regarding the mind's influence?

    <p>Emphasizes personal competence and self-respect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key qualities do humanistic psychologists strive to enhance in individuals?

    <p>Choice and creativity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does humanistic psychology view the capacity of individuals compared to behaviourism?

    <p>Individuals have substantial capacity for self-determining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central idea behind person or client-centred therapy introduced by Carl Rogers?

    <p>Fostering clients' capacity for self-direction and empathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In humanistic psychology, what is the role of unconditional positive regard and empathy in client-centred therapy?

    <p>To build trust by creating a nonjudgmental and supportive environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes existential therapy from psychoanalysis in terms of focus?

    <p>Existential therapy emphasizes choices in the present and future</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to gestalt therapy, what is more important when working with patients?

    <p>Understanding how patients are feeling rather than why they feel that way</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of humanistic psychology in relation to personal development?

    <p>Fostering personal growth and self-actualization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Distinctions of Humanistic Psychology

    • Humanistic psychology differs from psychoanalytic and behaviorist approaches in its focus on individual growth, self-actualization, and subjective experience.
    • It emphasizes the individual's inherent worth, dignity, and capacity for self-directed change.

    Key Psychological Forces

    • Humanistic psychology identifies three key psychological forces determining human behavior: biological, psychological, and social-cultural forces.

    Reaction against Behaviorism and Psychoanalysis

    • Early humanistic psychologists reacted against behaviorism's focus on external controls and psychoanalysis's emphasis on unconscious motivations.
    • They sought to restore a more holistic, person-centered approach that values human dignity and subjective experience.

    Capacity of Individuals

    • Humanistic psychology views individuals as capable of self-directed change, growth, and self-actualization.
    • It focuses on enhancing personal responsibility, autonomy, and self-awareness.

    Restoration in Reaction to Behaviorism and Psychoanalysis

    • Humanistic psychologists sought to restore a more optimistic view of human nature, emphasizing human dignity, freedom, and responsibility.

    Existential Therapy

    • The primary focus of existential therapy is the individual's existence, freedom, and responsibility in the present moment.

    Unconditional Positive Regard and Empathy

    • The main purpose of using unconditional positive regard and empathy in client-centered therapy is to create a non-judgmental, supportive environment that fosters personal growth.

    Gestalt Therapy

    • What distinguishes gestalt therapy is its focus on the present moment, awareness, and the therapist-patient relationship.
    • In gestalt therapy, the therapist focuses on the patient's present feelings and experiences rather than their past or unconscious motivations.

    Carl Rogers and Person-Centered Therapy

    • Carl Rogers is credited with introducing person-centered therapy, which emphasizes empathy, genuineness, and unconditional positive regard.
    • The central idea behind person-centered therapy is that individuals have the capacity for self-directed growth and change when provided with a supportive, non-judgmental environment.

    Humanistic Psychology vs. Psychoanalysis

    • Humanistic psychology differs from psychoanalysis in its focus on conscious experience, self-awareness, and personal growth, whereas psychoanalysis emphasizes unconscious motivations and past experiences.
    • Humanistic psychology also differs from psychoanalysis in its view of human nature, emphasizing human dignity, freedom, and responsibility.

    Key Qualities and Personal Development

    • Humanistic psychologists strive to enhance key qualities such as self-awareness, autonomy, and personal responsibility in individuals.
    • The primary focus of humanistic psychology is on personal development, emphasizing growth, self-actualization, and self-directed change.

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    Description

    Explore the fundamental principles and beliefs of humanistic psychology, the third major perspective in psychology. Learn about its emphasis on human potential, free will, creativity, and ethical values.

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