Humanistic Psychology and Carl Rogers
49 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of Carl Rogers' theory of humanistic psychology?

  • The influence of unconscious motives
  • The role of societal norms in personality
  • The inherent goodness of people (correct)
  • The negative aspects of human behavior

Which of the following concepts is NOT emphasized in Rogers' humanistic psychology?

  • Defense mechanisms (correct)
  • Self-concept
  • Self-actualization
  • Healthy personality development

In the context of Rogers' theory, what does 'self-actualization' refer to?

  • Achieving personal goals at all costs
  • Understanding the impact of childhood experiences on adulthood
  • Adopting changing identities based on social circumstances
  • Recognizing and achieving one's true potential (correct)

Which of the following best describes a healthy personality according to humanistic psychology?

<p>A personality characterized by openness and self-awareness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What central question did Carl Rogers pose regarding personal identity and self-discovery?

<p>How can I get in touch with my real self? (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Karen Horney's belief about human potential?

<p>Humans can develop their potentialities as long as their relationships are healthy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Alfred Adler suggest about inferiority feelings?

<p>Inferiority feelings can motivate individuals toward productivity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significance does Freud hold in popular culture?

<p>Freud has been featured in many popular media, including multiple magazine covers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best represents Horney's perspective on change?

<p>People are capable of ongoing change throughout their lives. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Adler view the relationship between inferiority and productivity?

<p>Inferiority feelings can inspire individuals to overcome obstacles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does unconditional positive regard signify in terms of personal relationships?

<p>Value and love that is independent of behavior. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes conditional positive regard?

<p>Value based on merit and specific approvals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the actualizing tendency related to self-concept in Rogers's theory?

<p>It is an innate drive that enhances self-beliefs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does unconditional positive regard play in personal development?

<p>It enables individuals to thrive without fear of rejection. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of Rogers's theory is primarily hindered by conditional positive regard?

<p>The formation of a genuine self-concept. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'self-concept' encompass in Rogers's theory?

<p>The total of an individual's beliefs and perceptions about themselves. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which personality factor describes a person who is generally outgoing and sociable?

<p>Timid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the opposite of someone described as 'tough-minded' according to Cattell's personality factors?

<p>Sensitive (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Cattell's personality factors, which of the following is seen as the opposite of being 'trusting'?

<p>Skeptical (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which personality factor would best describe an individual who prefers abstract thinking over concrete thinking?

<p>More intelligent, abstract (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the personality factor identified as 'self-sufficient' oppose?

<p>Group-dependent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does Bandura's reciprocal determinism suggest is NOT a part of understanding human personality?

<p>Emotional responses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of social cognitive theory, how does Bandura define the capacity for control?

<p>The belief in one's ability to achieve desired results. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of personality does observational learning primarily influence according to Bandura's theory?

<p>Cognitive interpretations of experiences (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best captures the essence of Bandura's view on belief and motivation?

<p>Belief in one's efficacy is essential for lasting motivation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is reciprocal determinism primarily concerned with?

<p>The interaction between personal factors, behavior, and environment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is self-efficacy particularly important in Bandura's social cognitive theory?

<p>It encourages perseverance through challenges. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of observational learning?

<p>A child mimicking a parent’s behavior after watching them. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of lacking belief in one's efficacy according to Bandura?

<p>Decreased motivation to overcome difficulties. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between surface traits and source traits?

<p>Surface traits are observable, while source traits are fundamental. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about trait theory is true?

<p>It emphasizes quantitatively measuring individual differences. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do source traits differ from other personality characteristics?

<p>They are believed to underlie surface traits. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of surface traits?

<p>They are stable over time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these concepts is critical in understanding trait theory?

<p>The identification and measurement of trait dimensions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'traits' refer to within the context of trait theory?

<p>Enduring tendencies to act in certain ways. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the goal of trait theorists?

<p>To identify consistent behavioral patterns among individuals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In trait theory, which aspect of personality is typically considered the most pivotal for assessment?

<p>The hierarchy of source traits. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be inferred about traits in the context of trait theory?

<p>They can reveal predictions about future behavior. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main challenge confronted by trait theorists when studying personality?

<p>Accountability for situational changes in behavior. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method for developing a strong sense of self-efficacy?

<p>Mastery experiences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can social modeling contribute to self-efficacy?

<p>By demonstrating successful behavior of similar individuals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the effects of failures on self-efficacy according to the content?

<p>They undermine the belief in one's efficacy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which example illustrates the concept of self-efficacy effectively?

<p>A father assisting his son in learning to tie shoes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of self-efficacy involves convincing individuals of their potential?

<p>Social persuasion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a consequence of harboring self-doubts in challenging situations?

<p>Decreased effort and persistence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does not contribute to building self-efficacy according to the information provided?

<p>Social comparison (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What overall feeling does self-efficacy relate to?

<p>Self-confidence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when individuals observe others succeed through sustained effort?

<p>They begin to believe in their own capabilities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the information, which of the following most adversely affects self-efficacy?

<p>Personal failures and setbacks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Horney's view on human potential

Horney believed humans have the ability to grow and become good individuals, but this potential diminishes if relationships aren't healthy.

Adler's concept of inferiority

Adler argued that feeling inferior is a natural part of being human, motivating people to strive and overcome.

Freud's cultural influence

Freud's ideas are still prevalent in popular culture through appearances in media and products.

Oedipus complex

A concept proposing that young boys have intense feelings (like love) for their mother.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Inferiority feelings (Adler)

Recognizing one's own powerlessness in comparison to others or the world.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Humanistic Psychology

A theory of personality that emphasizes people's inherent goodness, potential for growth, and self-actualization.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Self-actualization

The drive to reach one's full potential.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Self-concept

Our perception and understanding of ourselves.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Carl Rogers

A psychologist known for his humanistic approach to psychology.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Inherent Goodness

The idea that people are naturally good and inclined towards growth.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Actualizing Tendency

A natural drive within humans to maintain and enhance themselves.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Conditional Positive Regard

Valuing someone only if they behave in ways that are acceptable to others.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Unconditional Positive Regard

Valuing and loving someone regardless of their behavior.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What does UPR mean for development?

Unconditional Positive Regard allows individuals to explore their full potential without fear of rejection.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How is UPR different from CPR?

UPR is accepting someone for who they are, while CPR is based on fulfilling certain expectations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Social Cognitive Theory

A theory by Albert Bandura that explains personality as a result of interactions between a person's thoughts, behaviors, and environment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Reciprocal Determinism

Bandura's idea that personality is shaped by the ongoing interplay of three factors: behavior, cognition, and environment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Observational Learning

Learning by watching and imitating others, rather than through direct experience.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cognitive Processes

Mental activities like thinking, planning, remembering, and problem-solving that influence behavior.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Self-Efficacy Beliefs

People's confidence in their abilities to succeed in specific situations, affecting motivation and persistence.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How does self-efficacy impact motivation?

Strong self-efficacy beliefs increase motivation to pursue goals and overcome challenges, while low self-efficacy can lead to giving up easily.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the role of the environment in shaping personality?

The environment is a constant influence on behavior, providing opportunities and constraints shaping how people think and act.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Explain the importance of control in Bandura's theory.

Control is vital in Bandura's theory as a belief in one's ability to shape their life and achieve desired outcomes fuels motivation and resilience.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Self-Efficacy

Belief in one's ability to succeed in a specific situation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mastery Experiences

Successes that build a strong sense of self-efficacy.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Social Modeling

Learning by observing others succeeding.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Social Persuasion

Encouragement from others that strengthens self-efficacy.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How does failure affect self-efficacy?

Failures tend to undermine self-efficacy, leading to a decrease in confidence.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the impact of strong self-efficacy?

Strong self-efficacy leads to greater effort, persistence, and resilience in facing challenges.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What's a simple example of self-efficacy?

A child successfully tying their shoes for the first time.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How can parents foster self-efficacy?

By encouraging their child's efforts and helping them learn new skills.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Benefits of strong self-efficacy?

Increased motivation, resilience, and better coping mechanisms in stressful situations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Can self-efficacy be learned?

Yes, self-efficacy is developed through experiences, observation, and encouragement.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Trait

A stable tendency to behave in a certain way. Think of it as a personality pattern.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Trait Theory

A theory that emphasizes the role of traits in explaining individual differences in personality, focusing on identifying, describing, and measuring them.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Surface Traits

Personality characteristics that are easily observable in behavior.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are Source Traits?

The fundamental dimensions of personality, considered universal and relatively few in number.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Surface vs. Source Traits

Surface traits are directly observable behaviors, while source traits are hypothetical, underlying dimensions of personality.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How are Source Traits measured?

Source traits are not directly observable, so psychologists use statistical techniques to identify them based on their influence on surface traits.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the importance of Trait Theory?

Trait Theory provides a framework for understanding personality differences by offering a systematic and measurable approach to studying personality.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Give an example of a Surface Trait

Examples include being talkative, shy, outgoing, or aggressive. These are readily observable in behavior.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Give an example of a Source Trait

For example, 'extraversion' is considered a source trait, influencing surface traits like talkativeness and sociability.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Explain the relationship between Surface and Source Traits

Source traits are considered the underlying causes of surface traits, influencing a range of observable behaviors.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cattell's 16PF

A personality model identifying 16 fundamental personality traits, each representing a dimension with two opposing extremes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dimension in Cattell's 16PF

A range between two opposite ends of a personality trait, representing the full spectrum of that trait.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Factor Number 1

Describes the level of sociability, ranging from reserved and unsociable to outgoing and sociable.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Factor Number 2

Represents the level of intellectual ability, spanning from less intelligent and concrete to more intelligent and abstract.

Signup and view all the flashcards

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser