Humanistic Psychoanalysis Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which outcome is associated with a high score on the Saunders Consumer Orientation Index (SCOI)?

Increased social engagement

Increased anger and anxiety (correct)

Lower levels of stress

Higher levels of happiness

What is a major limitation of Fromm's theory as a scientific theory?

It is very specific in its scope.

It provides clear and consistent practical applications.

It effectively generates a substantial amount of research.

It lacks the ability to be falsified. (correct)

What aspect of humanity does Fromm emphasize for achieving self-actualization?

Instinctual behavior and impulses

Unconditional wealth and success

Material possessions and status

Productive love and work (correct)

In which area is Fromm's theory rated highly despite its other limitations?

Organizing existing knowledge Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ratings is given to Fromm's theory regarding free choice and social influences?

Average on both free choice and social influences Signup and view all the answers

What does Erich Fromm believe is necessary to address the human dilemma?

Meeting existential needs Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Fromm's understanding of love?

An ability to unite while maintaining individuality Signup and view all the answers

Which category of relatedness did Fromm identify as the solution to the human dilemma?

Love Signup and view all the answers

How did Erich Fromm's philosophical views differ from Freud's?

Fromm's approach incorporated historical perspectives Signup and view all the answers

What term did Fromm use to describe the state of being disconnected from nature?

Human dilemma Signup and view all the answers

What historical or ideological influences did Fromm experience early in his life?

Judaism, Marxism, and socialism Signup and view all the answers

In what region did Fromm spend much of his later years?

Mexico and Switzerland Signup and view all the answers

What did Fromm believe about human personality?

It can only be understood through a historical lens Signup and view all the answers

What is the productive strategy of rootedness characterized by?

Establishing ties with the outside world. Signup and view all the answers

How does nonproductive conformity manifest in relation to the sense of identity?

It encourages acceptance of group norms. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'frame of orientation' in Fromm's theory?

A consistent philosophy to navigate the world. Signup and view all the answers

What psychological condition reflects obsessive attachment to maternal figures, according to Fromm?

Incestuous symbiosis. Signup and view all the answers

Which personality disorder is characterized by the love of death and hatred of humanity?

Necrophilia. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options correlates with positive freedom?

Spontaneous activity of an integrated personality. Signup and view all the answers

How do masochism and sadism relate to Fromm's concept of authoritarianism?

They represent two extremes of uniting with power. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes individuals with a marketing orientation, according to Fromm?

See themselves as commodities. Signup and view all the answers

What does Fromm consider the ultimate goal of psychotherapy?

To satisfy basic human needs. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of necrophilious individuals?

Their destructiveness is intrinsic to their character. Signup and view all the answers

The relationship between political freedom and isolation is described as what?

Isolation emerges as freedom is gained. Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of adopting a receptive orientation towards relationships?

A belief that good comes solely from external sources. Signup and view all the answers

Which is a notable finding from Fromm's anthropological study in Mexico?

Evidence of all character orientations except marketing. Signup and view all the answers

What is malignant narcissism primarily characterized by?

An inflated sense of personal value. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Erich Fromm's Humanistic Psychoanalysis

Fromm's theory integrates psychology, history, and anthropology.
Influenced by Freud and Horney but more socially oriented than Freud and broader than Horney.
Studied psychoanalysis under Hanns Sachs, a student of Freud.

Human Dilemma

Humans are alienated from nature and lack strong instincts to adapt.
Acquired ability to reason but are left with isolation from nature.
"Human dilemma" cannot be solved by satisfying animal needs, but by fulfilling uniquely human needs.

Existential Needs

These are human needs that address the human dilemma.
Relatedness: Desire for union with others
- Can be achieved through submission, power, and love.
- Love is the only relatedness need that solves the basic human dilemma.
Transcendence: Urge to rise above passive and accidental existence.
- Can be expressed through malignant aggression (killing for reasons other than survival) or creation.
Rootedness: Need to establish roots and feel at home in the world.
- Productive Rootedness: Moving beyond security of mother and establishing ties with the outside world.
- Nonproductive Rootedness: Fixated and afraid to move beyond the security of a mother or mother substitute.
Sense of Identity: Awareness of oneself as a separate person.
- Productive Identity: Individuality.
- Nonproductive Identity: Conformity to a group.
Frame of Orientation: Road map or philosophy for navigating the world.
- Productive Orientation: Striving for rational goals.
- Nonproductive Orientation: Striving for irrational goals.

Burden of Freedom

Humans are the only self-aware animals, which leads to isolation and a feeling of being alone.
Freedom can become a burden, leading to basic anxiety.
Mechanisms of Escape:
- Authoritarianism: Giving up independence and uniting with a powerful partner.
  - Masochism: Stems from feelings of powerlessness, often disguised as love or loyalty.
  - Sadism: Achieving unity by exploiting or hurting others.
Positive Freedom: Spontaneous activity of an integrated personality.
- Achieved through reunification with others and the world.

Character Orientations

Receptive Orientation: Source of good lies outside oneself, and one relates to the world by receiving things.
- Positive Qualities: Loyalty and trust.
- Negative Qualities: Passivity and submissiveness.
Exploitative Orientation: Source of good lies outside oneself, but one aggressively takes what they want.
- Positive Qualities: Pride and self-confidence.
- Negative Qualities: Arrogance and conceit.
Hoarding Orientation: Trying to save what one has obtained, including opinions, feelings, and material possessions.
- Positive Qualities: Loyalty.
- Negative Qualities: Obsessiveness and possessiveness.
Marketing Orientation: Seeing oneself as a commodity and valuing oneself based on the ability to sell oneself.
- Positive Qualities: Open-mindedness and adaptability.
- Negative Qualities: Lack of depth.

Psychologically Healthy People

Achieve positive freedom through productive work, love, and reasoning.
Biophilia: Passionate love of all life that necessitates productive love.

Personality Disorders

Necrophilia: Love of death and hatred of all humanity.
- Destructive behavior reflects a basic character.
Malignant Narcissism: Belief that everything belonging to oneself is valuable and everything belonging to others is worthless.
- Often suffer from moral hypochondria, or excessive guilt.
Incestuous Symbiosis: Extreme dependence on a mother or mother surrogate, leading to a blended personality.
Syndrome of Decay: Individuals possess all three personality disorders.

Therapy

Focuses on satisfying basic human needs of relatedness, transcendence, rootedness, sense of identity, and a frame of orientation.
Therapist acts as a human being, not a scientist, through shared communication.

Study found evidence of all character orientations except the marketing one.
Findings were consistent with Fromm's theoretical views on social character.

Psychohistorical Study of Hitler

Fromm applied psychohistorical techniques to study historical figures, including Hitler.
Identified necrophilia, malignant narcissism, and incestuous symbiosis in Hitler.

Critique of Fromm's Theory

Insights into humanity, but low in terms of scientific rigor.
Low ratings in generating research, falsification, usefulness to practitioners, internal consistency, and parsimony.
High in organizing existing knowledge.

Concept of Humanity

Humans are "freaks of nature" due to the ability to reason and few strong instincts.
Self-actualization is achieved through satisfying human needs through work, love, and reasoning.
Average in free choice, optimism, unconscious influences, and uniqueness; low in causality; very high in social influences.

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Description

Test your understanding of Erich Fromm's humanistic psychoanalysis, integrating concepts from psychology, history, and anthropology. Explore the human dilemma, existential needs, and their implications for human behavior and relationships.