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Questions and Answers
What is the core pathology associated with the psychosocial crisis of autonomy versus shame and doubt?
What is the core pathology associated with the psychosocial crisis of autonomy versus shame and doubt?
Which basic strength emerges during the adolescent stage?
Which basic strength emerges during the adolescent stage?
What psychosocial crisis do individuals face in young adulthood?
What psychosocial crisis do individuals face in young adulthood?
During which stage is the basic strength of care developed?
During which stage is the basic strength of care developed?
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What represents the crisis faced during the play age?
What represents the crisis faced during the play age?
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Which of the following describes the core pathology of adolescence?
Which of the following describes the core pathology of adolescence?
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What is the basic strength of individuals in the school-age stage?
What is the basic strength of individuals in the school-age stage?
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Which one of the following options illustrates Maslow's approach to motivation?
Which one of the following options illustrates Maslow's approach to motivation?
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What is the first conative need that must be relatively satisfied according to the hierarchy?
What is the first conative need that must be relatively satisfied according to the hierarchy?
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Which term describes the fear of being or doing one's best?
Which term describes the fear of being or doing one's best?
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Which of the following is NOT listed as a characteristic of self-actualizers?
Which of the following is NOT listed as a characteristic of self-actualizers?
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What are the B-values that self-actualizing individuals accept?
What are the B-values that self-actualizing individuals accept?
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What does the term 'meta pathology' refer to in the context of self-actualization?
What does the term 'meta pathology' refer to in the context of self-actualization?
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Which dimension of needs is characterized by willful striving?
Which dimension of needs is characterized by willful striving?
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In psychotherapy, efforts should primarily focus on which level of need?
In psychotherapy, efforts should primarily focus on which level of need?
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What method is used to measure self-actualizing values and behavior?
What method is used to measure self-actualizing values and behavior?
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What feeling does self-awareness primarily contribute to in individuals?
What feeling does self-awareness primarily contribute to in individuals?
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Which need is associated with the desire to create or destroy life?
Which need is associated with the desire to create or destroy life?
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What does authoritarianism involve according to Fromm?
What does authoritarianism involve according to Fromm?
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Which mechanism of escape is defined by individuals giving up their individuality?
Which mechanism of escape is defined by individuals giving up their individuality?
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What is NOT one of the uniquely human needs identified by Fromm?
What is NOT one of the uniquely human needs identified by Fromm?
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Basic anxiety is best described as a feeling of:
Basic anxiety is best described as a feeling of:
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What does the need for rootedness refer to?
What does the need for rootedness refer to?
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Which of the following best describes destructiveness?
Which of the following best describes destructiveness?
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What does Gemeinschaftsgefühl refer to in Adler's theory?
What does Gemeinschaftsgefühl refer to in Adler's theory?
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What is the ideal self according to the self-concept framework?
What is the ideal self according to the self-concept framework?
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Which of the following can lead to psychological barriers according to the content?
Which of the following can lead to psychological barriers according to the content?
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What is the concept of actualization tendency in humans?
What is the concept of actualization tendency in humans?
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What does the term 'conditions of worth' imply?
What does the term 'conditions of worth' imply?
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What is a consequence of incongruence in the self-concept?
What is a consequence of incongruence in the self-concept?
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How can external evaluations affect an individual's psychological health?
How can external evaluations affect an individual's psychological health?
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What is the formative tendency described in Rogers' theory?
What is the formative tendency described in Rogers' theory?
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What occurs when vulnerable people face incongruence without sufficient coping mechanisms?
What occurs when vulnerable people face incongruence without sufficient coping mechanisms?
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Which condition is NOT necessary for psychological growth according to the content?
Which condition is NOT necessary for psychological growth according to the content?
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What is the end goal for successful clients in client-centered counseling?
What is the end goal for successful clients in client-centered counseling?
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Which of the following best defines 'Dasein'?
Which of the following best defines 'Dasein'?
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What does empathic listening involve?
What does empathic listening involve?
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In existential psychology, what is emphasized as the primary motivator for individuals?
In existential psychology, what is emphasized as the primary motivator for individuals?
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What does 'unconditional positive regard' require?
What does 'unconditional positive regard' require?
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What is a result of congruence in a therapeutic setting?
What is a result of congruence in a therapeutic setting?
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What is the primary experience people encounter due to their awareness of nonbeing?
What is the primary experience people encounter due to their awareness of nonbeing?
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Which type of love seeks a nonsexual friendship with another person?
Which type of love seeks a nonsexual friendship with another person?
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What concept defines the underlying structure that provides meaning to experiences?
What concept defines the underlying structure that provides meaning to experiences?
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What form of freedom allows for thought, planning, and hope?
What form of freedom allows for thought, planning, and hope?
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Which type of anxiety is disproportionate to the actual threat?
Which type of anxiety is disproportionate to the actual threat?
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According to Trait and Factor theories, what method did Eysenck use to identify personality factors?
According to Trait and Factor theories, what method did Eysenck use to identify personality factors?
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What is the essential characteristic of Agape love?
What is the essential characteristic of Agape love?
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What does cultural myths provide in relation to personal and social problems?
What does cultural myths provide in relation to personal and social problems?
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Study Notes
Humanistic Psychoanalysis
- People are alienated from nature and each other, yet they reason, imagine, and have foresight.
- Self-awareness creates feelings of loneliness and isolation.
- People try to unify with others and nature to escape these feelings.
- Relatedness, transcendence, rootedness, sense of identity, and a frame of orientation are needed for reunion with nature.
- Relatedness drives people to unite with others through love, submission, or power.
- Transcendence is the human need to rise above passive existence and create/destroy.
- Rootedness is the need for stable structure in life.
- Identity gives a sense of self.
- Frame of orientation is a consistent view of the world.
- Basic anxiety is a sense of being alone.
- Mechanisms for relieving anxiety include authoritarianism, conformity, and destructiveness.
- Authoritarianism is the tendency to surrender individual independence for strength from outside sources.
- Destructiveness seeks to eliminate others and arises from feelings of isolation.
- Conformity is escaping feelings of isolation by adopting other people's desires.
Fromm's Human Needs
- Positive components involve creativeness, love, and relatedness.
- Negative components involve submission, destructiveness, and fixation.
- The needs are rooted in our unique human attributes.
- People respond in different ways to their needs based on these qualities.
Types of Escape
- Conformity, where people give up their individuality.
- Destructiveness, leading to a rejection of others.
- Authoritarianism, the tendency to surrender personal independence.
Healthy People
- Acquire a positive freedom, loving life (biophilia), and love of fellow people.
- These elements are part of a growth syndrome.
Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development
- Emphasizes psychosocial development across the lifespan.
- Each stage presents a conflict to overcome through interaction with the environment.
- Key stages include infancy (trust vs. mistrust), early childhood (autonomy vs. shame and doubt), play age (initiative vs. guilt) etc
- Each stage has a positive outcome (strength) and a negative outcome (pathology)
- The stages in his theory develop in a step-by-step process that builds on itself.
Maslow's Holistic Dynamic Theory
- Motivation affects the entire person, and needs are complete, ongoing, unconscious, and applicable to everyone.
- Needs are categorized according to a hierarchy, often unconscious, and include physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization.
- Conative needs, aesthetic needs, cognitive needs, and neurotic needs affect the individual.
- A person needs to fulfill one need level sufficiently before proceeding to another in this hierarchy.
- Certain characteristics often arise in self-actualized people, including efficient perception, self-acceptance, etc.
Rogers's Person-Centered Theory
- Developed by Carl Rogers, person-centered theory emphasizes the positive nature of humanity.
- The formative tendency moves organisms to evolve from simple to more complex.
- There is an actualization tendency.
- The self-concept contains perceptions of the self and experiences.
- Conditions of worth, rather than unconditional positive regard, negatively impact individuals.
- Incongruence occurs when self-concept and organismic experiences differ, driving defenses like distortion and denial.
May's Existential Psychology
- Existence precedes essence, emphasizing individual choices.
- People are subjective and objective, and motivated towards important life questions.
- People have equal amounts of freedom and responsibility.
- Dasein (being-in-the-world) is the unity of people and their worldview; includes Umwelt (world of things), Mitwelt (world of people), and Eigenwelt (world of the self).
- Care is the active opposite of apathy, a way of relating to the world of things, people, and the self.
- Love is the delight in another person, and affirming their worth equally to your own.
- Nonbeing or nothingness is the awareness of one's own possibility of nonexistence (including death or loss).
- People face anxiety due to nonbeing and free choice.
- Normal anxiety is proportionate to the individual's threat.
Eysenck, McCrae, & Costa's Trait & Factor Theories
- Personality can be measured through correlational studies.
- Eysenck suggested three main dimensions: extraversion/introversion, neuroticism/stability, and psychoticism/superego.
- McCrae and Costa added the "Big Five" traits (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism) to the model.
- These models describe personality based on traits measured through factor analysis.
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Description
This quiz explores key concepts in humanistic psychoanalysis, focusing on how feelings of isolation and anxiety influence people's relationships with nature and others. Key ideas include self-awareness, relatedness, transcendence, and mechanisms for relieving anxiety. Test your understanding of these complex interrelations within human psychology.
