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According to Fromm, what is the name of the state in which something does matter?
According to Fromm, what is the name of the state in which something does matter?
Care
What is the main goal of Fromm's psychotherapy?
What is the main goal of Fromm's psychotherapy?
To establish a union with patients so that they can become reunited with the world
What does the expression "Gemeinschaftsgefühl" mean?
What does the expression "Gemeinschaftsgefühl" mean?
Social interest, community feeling, or a sense of oneness with all humanity.
What is the name of the process by which one becomes a person, according to Rogers?
What is the name of the process by which one becomes a person, according to Rogers?
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What is the primary focus of client-centered counseling, according to Rogers?
What is the primary focus of client-centered counseling, according to Rogers?
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According to May, what is the term used to describe the unity of people and their phenomenological world?
According to May, what is the term used to describe the unity of people and their phenomenological world?
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What is the term for the three modes of being-in-the-world, as per May's existential psychology?
What is the term for the three modes of being-in-the-world, as per May's existential psychology?
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According to May, what is the opposite of care?
According to May, what is the opposite of care?
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What are the three primary bipolar factors that Eysenck extracted in his hypothetico-deductive approach to personality?
What are the three primary bipolar factors that Eysenck extracted in his hypothetico-deductive approach to personality?
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What is the name of the test designed to measure self-actualizing values and behavior?
What is the name of the test designed to measure self-actualizing values and behavior?
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What is the term that refers to the fear of being or doing one's best?
What is the term that refers to the fear of being or doing one's best?
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What is the term used by Adler to describe the feeling of oneness with all humanity?
What is the term used by Adler to describe the feeling of oneness with all humanity?
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What are the three primary contributing factors to guilt, according to May?
What are the three primary contributing factors to guilt, according to May?
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What is the term for the fundamental structure that gives meaning to experience and allows people to make decisions about the future?
What is the term for the fundamental structure that gives meaning to experience and allows people to make decisions about the future?
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What is the highest form of love, according to May?
What is the highest form of love, according to May?
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What is the source of freedom, according to May's existentialist philosophy?
What is the source of freedom, according to May's existentialist philosophy?
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According to Maslow, the conative needs can be arranged in a hierarchy, meaning that one need must be relatively satisfied before the next need can become active.
According to Maslow, the conative needs can be arranged in a hierarchy, meaning that one need must be relatively satisfied before the next need can become active.
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What is the term for the spontaneous activity of a whole, integrated personality, according to Fromm?
What is the term for the spontaneous activity of a whole, integrated personality, according to Fromm?
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According to Fromm, what is the term for the passionate love of life?
According to Fromm, what is the term for the passionate love of life?
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What are the two primary modes of acquiring things, according to Fromm?
What are the two primary modes of acquiring things, according to Fromm?
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What is the term used by May to describe the individual's relationship with the world of things?
What is the term used by May to describe the individual's relationship with the world of things?
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What is the name of the stage of development characterized by the oral-sensory mode, according to Erikson?
What is the name of the stage of development characterized by the oral-sensory mode, according to Erikson?
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What is the name of the stage of development characterized by the anal, urethral, and muscular psychosexual mode, according to Erikson?
What is the name of the stage of development characterized by the anal, urethral, and muscular psychosexual mode, according to Erikson?
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What is the name of the stage of development characterized by the genital-locomotor psychosexual mode, according to Erikson?
What is the name of the stage of development characterized by the genital-locomotor psychosexual mode, according to Erikson?
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What is the name of the stage of development characterized by the sexual latency period, according to Erikson?
What is the name of the stage of development characterized by the sexual latency period, according to Erikson?
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What is the name of the stage of development characterized by the emergence of identity, according to Erikson?
What is the name of the stage of development characterized by the emergence of identity, according to Erikson?
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What is the name of the stage of development characterized by the psychosexual mode of genitality, according to Erikson?
What is the name of the stage of development characterized by the psychosexual mode of genitality, according to Erikson?
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What is the name of the stage of development characterized by the psychosexual mode of procreativity, according to Erikson?
What is the name of the stage of development characterized by the psychosexual mode of procreativity, according to Erikson?
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What is the name of the stage of development characterized by generalized sensuality, according to Erikson?
What is the name of the stage of development characterized by generalized sensuality, according to Erikson?
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What is the term used by Maslow to describe the need for order and beauty?
What is the term used by Maslow to describe the need for order and beauty?
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What is the term used by Maslow to describe the need for curiosity and knowledge?
What is the term used by Maslow to describe the need for curiosity and knowledge?
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What is the term used by Maslow to describe an unproductive pattern of relating to other people?
What is the term used by Maslow to describe an unproductive pattern of relating to other people?
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According to May, what is one of the basic tenets of existentialism?
According to May, what is one of the basic tenets of existentialism?
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What is the most basic form of love, according to May?
What is the most basic form of love, according to May?
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Which of the personality traits is associated with the tendency to appreciate new art, ideas, values, feelings, and behaviors?
Which of the personality traits is associated with the tendency to appreciate new art, ideas, values, feelings, and behaviors?
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Which of the personality traits is associated with the tendency to be careful, on-time for appointments, to follow rules, and to be hardworking?
Which of the personality traits is associated with the tendency to be careful, on-time for appointments, to follow rules, and to be hardworking?
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Which of the personality traits is associated with the tendency to agree and go along with others rather than to assert one's own opinions and choices?
Which of the personality traits is associated with the tendency to agree and go along with others rather than to assert one's own opinions and choices?
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Which of the personality traits is associated with the tendency to frequently experience negative emotions such as anger, worry, and sadness, as well as being interpersonally sensitive?
Which of the personality traits is associated with the tendency to frequently experience negative emotions such as anger, worry, and sadness, as well as being interpersonally sensitive?
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What is the name of the personality inventory that is used to study personality traits, according to McCrae and Costa?
What is the name of the personality inventory that is used to study personality traits, according to McCrae and Costa?
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Study Notes
Humanistic Psychoanalysis
- People are separated from their prehistoric connection with nature and each other, yet possess reason, foresight, and imagination.
- Self-awareness leads to feelings of loneliness, isolation, and homelessness.
- People try to overcome these feelings by connecting with others and nature.
- Uniquely human needs (relatedness, transcendence, rootedness, identity, and orientation) encourage people to unify with nature.
- Relatedness is the need to connect with others through submission, power, or love.
- Transcendence means rising above passive existence to create or destroy.
- Rootedness is the need for structure in life.
- Identity creates a sense of self.
- Orientation provides a framework for understanding the world.
- Basic anxiety is a feeling of isolation in the world.
- People use mechanisms like conformity, authoritarianism, and destructiveness to alleviate anxiety.
- Authoritarianism is the giving up of individuality to connect with others.
- Destructive behavior is a result of feelings of isolation and powerlessness.
- Conformity involves losing individuality to fit in with others.
Fromm's Human Needs
- Positive Components: Creativity, Relatedness, Transcendence, Love, Sense of identity, Frame of orientation.
- Negative Components: Submission/domination, Destructiveness, Fixation, Irrational goals, Adjustment to a group.
Fromm's Escape Mechanisms
- Conformity to escape from feelings of isolation and loneliness.
- Authoritarianism, a tendency to give up individuality to fuse oneself to something outside oneself to gain strength.
- Destructiveness, a way of escaping feelings of isolation and powerlessness.
Third Means of Escape
- People conform to escape from isolation and loneliness.
Healthy People
- Positive freedom, or spontaneous activity of a whole, integrated personality.
- Biophilia, or passionate love of life.
- Love for fellow humans
Maslow: Holistic Dynamic Theory
- Motivation affects the entire person.
- Motivation is complete, unconscious, ongoing, and present in all individuals.
- Four dimensions of needs include: conative, aesthetic, cognitive, and neurotic needs.
- Needs are arranged in a hierarchy: Physiological needs, safety needs, love and belongingness needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization.
- Needs can be reversed and frequently unconscious.
- Coping behavior is motivated by satisfying basic needs.
- Expressive behavior is not motivated but reflects one's current state.
- Conative needs (including self-actualization) are instinctual.
- Self-actualization is thwarted by meta-pathology and rejection of B-values.
- B-values include (but aren't limited to) truth, beauty, humor, etc.
Five Characteristics of Self-Actualizers
- Efficient perception of reality
- Acceptance of self, others, and nature
- Spontaneity, simplicity, and naturalness
- Problem-centeredness
- Need for privacy
- Autonomy
- Freshness of appreciation
- Peak experiences
- Social interest
- Prolonged interpersonal relations
- Democratic attitude
- Ability to discriminate between means and ends
- Philosophical sense of humor
- Creativeness
- Resistance to enculturation.
Erikson: Post-Freudian Theory / Psychosocial Development
- Psychosocial development occurs in stages with each stage having a unique conflict or crisis.
- Biological components influence development.
- Historical and cultural factors shape ego identity.
- Antipathy for each strength is a core pathology.
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Stages and Conflicts:
- Trust vs Mistrust (Infancy)
- Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt (Toddlerhood)
- Initiative vs Guilt (Early Childhood)
- Industry vs Inferiority (Middle Childhood)
- Identity vs Identity Confusion (Adolescence)
- Intimacy vs Isolation (Young Adulthood)
- Generativity vs Stagnation (Middle Adulthood)
- Integrity vs Despair (Older Adulthood)
Rogers: Person Centered Theory
- Formative Tendency: Matter evolves from simple to complex.
- Actualization Tendency: Humans strive for completion and fulfillment.
- Self-Concept: Aspects of experience and self viewed by a person.
- Ideal Self: How one wants to be.
- Conditions of Worth: Acceptance is conditional.
- Incongruence: Disparity between organismic and perceived self.
- Barriers: Conditions of worth, defensiveness, disorganization
- Psychological Growth: Occurs when acceptance is unconditional.
- Congruence: Alignment of perceived and organismic self.
- Unconditional Positive Regard: Acceptance regardless of action or behavior
Existential Psychology
- Existence precedes essence (what you do is more essential than who you are).
- People are both subjective and objective, thinking and acting beings.
- Motivation is to find meaning in life.
- Freedom and responsibility are equally essential.
- Dasein (Being-in-the-World): The unity of people and their phenomenal world is expressed as being.
- Three Modes of Dasein: Umwelt (things), Mitwelt (people), Eigenwelt (self).
- Care is the opposite of apathy or non-engagement with the world.
- Love is a delight in another and the affirmation and value of oneself and others.
- Will is the capacity to organize to achieve a goal.
- Nonbeing (or nothingness) is awareness of death or loss of awareness.
- Anxiety arises from non-being and freedom to choose.
- Normal Anxiety is proportionate to threat.
Trait and Factor Theories
- Human traits can be measured through correlational studies.
- Eysenck's approach identified three bipolar factors: extraversion/introversion, neuroticism/stability, and psychoticism/superego
- McCrae and Costa's 5-Factor model includes (but isn't limited to) openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.
- NEO-PI-R shows high level of stability in personality factors.
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Description
Explore the concepts of humanistic psychoanalysis, highlighting the human connection to nature and each other. Understand how self-awareness influences feelings of loneliness and the mechanisms used to alleviate anxiety. This quiz delves into essential human needs such as relatedness, transcendence, rootedness, identity, and orientation.
