Humanistic Psychology and Psychoanalysis Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a key distinction between Freud and Klein's perspectives on psychoanalysis?

Freud analyzed the impact of early childhood experiences, while Klein focused on later life experiences.
Freud emphasized the importance of the mother-child relationship, while Klein downplayed it.
Freud emphasized the role of unconscious desires, while Klein focused on conscious motivations.
Freud focused on internal representations of reality (fantasies), while Klein emphasized the external environment.
Freud primarily focused on the external environment, while Klein centered on internal representations. (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a core principle of humanistic psychology?

A phenomenological approach is crucial for understanding human experience.
People have an innate drive toward self-fulfillment and creativity.
Human nature is inherently positive and capable of growth.
Human behavior is primarily a product of unconscious drives and conflicts. (correct)
Humanistic psychology opposes both psychoanalytic determinism and behaviorist views.

How did Rogers' experiences shape his development of person-centered therapy?

Rogers' upbringing in a strict and uncompromising environment instilled in him a belief in the power of human willpower to overcome adversity.
Rogers's early religious beliefs led him to believe in people's inherent goodness and potential for growth.
His training in psychoanalysis convinced him of its effectiveness in treating a variety of mental health problems.
His work with children exposed him to the limitations of traditional psychoanalytic methods, leading him to develop a more client-centered approach. (correct)
His experiences on the farm taught him the importance of hard work and perseverance, which he later applied to his therapeutic practice.

According to Rogers, what is a major source of internal tension for individuals?

The conflict between one's desire for social acceptance and the need to express one's true self. (E) Signup and view all the answers

How does humanistic psychology approach the study of human experience?

It emphasizes the individual's subjective experiences and interpretations of the world. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following BEST describes Rogers' perspective on human nature in the context of antisocial behavior?

He argued that even individuals exhibiting antisocial behaviors have an underlying capacity for growth and positive transformation. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of Rogers' person-centered therapy?

The therapist aims to create a supportive and non-judgmental environment where the client can explore their own experiences and feelings. (E) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements BEST reflects the core assumption of humanistic psychology regarding human potential?

Human beings are inherently capable of achieving their full potential for growth, creativity, and self-actualization. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What emotional state is often experienced by individuals who have a high intellectual potential but rely on their false self?

Distress and emptiness (B) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of therapy, what does the Winnicottian treatment aim to provide?

A holding environment for safety and regression (A) Signup and view all the answers

In selecting therapists for psycho-analysis or psychiatric social-work, what aspect should be considered according to the content?

The drive of the true self beyond just intellectual striving (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does the false self influence successful individuals according to the content?

It masks their inner distress and emptiness. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant outcome for a patient by the end of a Winnicottian analysis?

Feeling real and wanting to live (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the phenomenological field encompass?

All subjective experiences at a given moment (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does empathy contribute to understanding another person's experience?

It enables inferential understanding but not perfect knowledge (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely effect of experiencing a discrepancy between self-identity and experience?

Cognitive dissonance and discomfort (B) Signup and view all the answers

In Rogers' view, what are defense mechanisms primarily defending against?

Inconsistency in self-perception (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario illustrates a common example of cognitive dissonance?

A macho man feeling soft and weak (B) Signup and view all the answers

What feeling is often associated with a lack of authenticity?

Alienation and detachment (B) Signup and view all the answers

What approach do defense mechanisms serve according to Rogers?

To maintain a consistent self-concept (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a characteristic of Rogers' view on subjective experiences?

There is a universal objective reality (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main need from the Selfobject for the grandiosity axis?

Mirroring (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transference occurs when mirroring needs are unmet?

Mirroring transference (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of idealization in healthy development?

To merge with someone strong and calm (B) Signup and view all the answers

How is twinship defined in the context of selfobject needs?

Sharing thoughts and experiences with similar individuals (A) Signup and view all the answers

What happens when selfobject needs are adequately met?

Individuals internalize axes and experience well-being (D) Signup and view all the answers

In the concept of idealizing transference, what do patients typically experience?

Merger with the therapist's power and strength (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic expression of optimal development in the twinship axis?

Feelings of connectedness and belonging (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the grandiosity axis contribute to an individual's experience?

Increased confidence and well-being (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus when a child displays aggressive behavior, according to behaviorism?

To teach a more appropriate behavior and reward positive actions (B) Signup and view all the answers

In a token economy, why are tokens awarded to individuals?

For demonstrating desirable behaviors (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to Skinner, how do children develop their responses?

Via reinforcement experiences that shape behavior over time (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does behavioral pathology suggest about learned responses?

They are responses that have either been inadequately learned or are maladaptive (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key component of the behavioral activation treatment for depression?

Engagement in activities that were once enjoyable to restore reinforcement (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the limitations of behaviorism as indicated in the content?

It overlooks complex emotional and cognitive processes (D) Signup and view all the answers

What reaction do children learn as a result of withdrawing positive reinforcement, according to behaviorism?

A decrease in overall behavior, leading to potential depression (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does Skinner suggest inducing desired behaviors in children?

With immediate reinforcement for good behavior (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the term 'impingements' in the context of mother-infant interactions?

Interference or disruption of the infant's experience (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why is the concept of a 'good enough mother' important in child development?

It allows the baby to face challenges and develop independence (B) Signup and view all the answers

What effect can a mother's overprotection have on an infant's development?

It may hinder the infant's ability to develop a sense of self (D) Signup and view all the answers

In what way do disruptions in the holding environment affect an infant?

They require the infant to engage with the outer world prematurely (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario exemplifies a mild impingement in the dependency stage?

A grandmother engaging the baby in play when it wants to sleep (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does 'self/other distinction' refer to in a child's development?

The baby's understanding of being separate from the mother (A) Signup and view all the answers

What role does frustration play in a baby's early development?

It helps the baby adapt to social expectations (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does relative independence manifest in an infant's maturation process?

Improved communication of needs as development progresses (D) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Token Economy

A system where individuals earn tokens for desired behaviors which can be exchanged for rewards.

Operant Conditioning

A learning process where behaviors are modified by rewards or punishments.